Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4
With the remarkable sensitivity and resolution of JWST in the infrared, measuring rest-optical kinematics of galaxies at z > 5 has become possible for the first time. This study pilots a new method for measuring galaxy dynamics for highly multiplexed, unbiased samples by combining FRESCO NIRCam g...
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2024-01-01
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| author | Erica Nelson Gabriel Brammer Clara Giménez-Arteaga Pascal A. Oesch Rohan P. Naidu Hannah Übler Jasleen Matharu Alice E. Shapley Katherine E. Whitaker Emily Wisnioski Natascha M. Förster Schreiber Renske Smit Pieter van Dokkum John Chisholm Ryan Endsley Abigail I. Hartley Justus Gibson Emma Giovinazzo Garth Illingworth Ivo Labbe Michael V. Maseda Jorryt Matthee Alba Covelo Paz Sedona H. Price Naveen A. Reddy Irene Shivaei Andrea Weibel Stijn Wuyts Mengyuan Xiao Stacey Alberts William M. Baker Andrew J. Bunker Alex J. Cameron Stephane Charlot Daniel J. Eisenstein Anna de Graaff Zhiyuan Ji Benjamin D. Johnson Gareth C. Jones Roberto Maiolino Brant Robertson Lester Sandles Katherine A. Suess Sandro Tacchella Christina C. Williams Joris Witstok |
| author_facet | Erica Nelson Gabriel Brammer Clara Giménez-Arteaga Pascal A. Oesch Rohan P. Naidu Hannah Übler Jasleen Matharu Alice E. Shapley Katherine E. Whitaker Emily Wisnioski Natascha M. Förster Schreiber Renske Smit Pieter van Dokkum John Chisholm Ryan Endsley Abigail I. Hartley Justus Gibson Emma Giovinazzo Garth Illingworth Ivo Labbe Michael V. Maseda Jorryt Matthee Alba Covelo Paz Sedona H. Price Naveen A. Reddy Irene Shivaei Andrea Weibel Stijn Wuyts Mengyuan Xiao Stacey Alberts William M. Baker Andrew J. Bunker Alex J. Cameron Stephane Charlot Daniel J. Eisenstein Anna de Graaff Zhiyuan Ji Benjamin D. Johnson Gareth C. Jones Roberto Maiolino Brant Robertson Lester Sandles Katherine A. Suess Sandro Tacchella Christina C. Williams Joris Witstok |
| author_sort | Erica Nelson |
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| description | With the remarkable sensitivity and resolution of JWST in the infrared, measuring rest-optical kinematics of galaxies at z > 5 has become possible for the first time. This study pilots a new method for measuring galaxy dynamics for highly multiplexed, unbiased samples by combining FRESCO NIRCam grism spectroscopy and JADES medium-band imaging. Here we present one of the first JWST kinematic measurements for a galaxy at z > 5. We find a significant velocity gradient, which, if interpreted as rotation, yields V _rot = 305 ± 70 km s ^−1 , and we hence refer to this galaxy as Twister-z5. With a rest-frame optical effective radius of r _e = 2.25 kpc, the high rotation velocity in this galaxy is not due to a compact size, as may be expected in the early Universe, but rather to a high total mass, $\mathrm{log}({M}_{\mathrm{dyn}}/{M}_{\odot })=11.2\pm 0.2$ . This is a factor of roughly 10× higher than the stellar mass within r _e . We also observe that the radial H α equivalent width profile and the specific star formation rate map from resolved stellar population modeling are centrally depressed by a factor of ∼1.5 from the center to r _e . Combined with the morphology of the line-emitting gas in comparison to the continuum, this centrally suppressed star formation is consistent with a star-forming disk surrounding a bulge growing inside out. While large, rapidly rotating disks are common to z ∼ 2, the existence of one after only 1 Gyr of cosmic time, shown for the first time in ionized gas, adds to the growing evidence that some galaxies matured earlier than expected in the history of the Universe. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d848c3a41de847d2b1645baf6b6caa43 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-d848c3a41de847d2b1645baf6b6caa432024-11-26T15:48:24ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052024-01-019762L2710.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4Erica Nelson0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7524-374XGabriel Brammer1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2680-005XClara Giménez-Arteaga2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-9505Pascal A. Oesch3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5851-6649Rohan P. Naidu4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3997-5705Hannah Übler5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4891-0794Jasleen Matharu6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7547-3385Alice E. Shapley7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3509-4855Katherine E. Whitaker8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7160-3632Emily Wisnioski9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1657-7878Natascha M. Förster Schreiber10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-3381Renske Smit11https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8034-7802Pieter van Dokkum12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8282-9888John Chisholm13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-2577Ryan Endsley14https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-2771Abigail I. Hartley15https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-1603Justus Gibson16https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-9813Emma Giovinazzo17https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3835-0089Garth Illingworth18https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8096-2837Ivo Labbe19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2057-5376Michael V. Maseda20https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0695-4414Jorryt Matthee21https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2871-127XAlba Covelo Paz22https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-3005Sedona H. Price23https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0108-4176Naveen A. Reddy24https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9687-4973Irene Shivaei25https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4702-7561Andrea Weibel26https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8928-4465Stijn Wuyts27https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-1931Mengyuan Xiao28https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1207-5344Stacey Alberts29https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8909-8782William M. Baker30https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0215-1104Andrew J. Bunker31https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8651-9879Alex J. Cameron32https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0450-7306Stephane Charlot33https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3458-2275Daniel J. Eisenstein34https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-3121Anna de Graaff35https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2380-9801Zhiyuan Ji36https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7673-2257Benjamin D. Johnson37https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-7594Gareth C. Jones38https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-9024Roberto Maiolino39https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4985-3819Brant Robertson40https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-0364Lester Sandles41https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9276-7062Katherine A. Suess42https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1714-1905Sandro Tacchella43https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8224-4505Christina C. Williams44https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2919-7495Joris Witstok45https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7595-121XDepartment for Astrophysical and Planetary Science, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309, USANiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, København N, DK-2200, DenmarkNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, København N, DK-2200, DenmarkCosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, København N, DK-2200, Denmark; Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandMIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USAKavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UKNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, København N, DK-2200, DenmarkDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, 430 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USACosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, København N, DK-2200, Denmark; Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, MA 01003, USAResearch School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , AustraliaMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanyAstrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UKAstronomy Department, Yale University , 52 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USADepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USADepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USADepartment for Astrophysical and Planetary Science, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309, USADepartment for Astrophysical and Planetary Science, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USACentre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology , Melbourne, VIC 3122, AustraliaDepartment of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin–Madison , 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706, USADepartment of Physics, ETH Zürich , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland; Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) , Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, AustriaDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandDepartment of Physics and Astronomy and PITT PACC, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USACentro de Astrobiología (CAB) , CSIC-INTA, Ctra. de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandDepartment of Physics, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UKDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandSteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAKavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UKDepartment of Physics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UKDepartment of Physics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UKSorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris , 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceCenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, GermanySteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USACenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USADepartment of Physics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UKKavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UKDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USAKavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UKDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology and Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USAKavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UKNSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAKavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UKWith the remarkable sensitivity and resolution of JWST in the infrared, measuring rest-optical kinematics of galaxies at z > 5 has become possible for the first time. This study pilots a new method for measuring galaxy dynamics for highly multiplexed, unbiased samples by combining FRESCO NIRCam grism spectroscopy and JADES medium-band imaging. Here we present one of the first JWST kinematic measurements for a galaxy at z > 5. We find a significant velocity gradient, which, if interpreted as rotation, yields V _rot = 305 ± 70 km s ^−1 , and we hence refer to this galaxy as Twister-z5. With a rest-frame optical effective radius of r _e = 2.25 kpc, the high rotation velocity in this galaxy is not due to a compact size, as may be expected in the early Universe, but rather to a high total mass, $\mathrm{log}({M}_{\mathrm{dyn}}/{M}_{\odot })=11.2\pm 0.2$ . This is a factor of roughly 10× higher than the stellar mass within r _e . We also observe that the radial H α equivalent width profile and the specific star formation rate map from resolved stellar population modeling are centrally depressed by a factor of ∼1.5 from the center to r _e . Combined with the morphology of the line-emitting gas in comparison to the continuum, this centrally suppressed star formation is consistent with a star-forming disk surrounding a bulge growing inside out. While large, rapidly rotating disks are common to z ∼ 2, the existence of one after only 1 Gyr of cosmic time, shown for the first time in ionized gas, adds to the growing evidence that some galaxies matured earlier than expected in the history of the Universe.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17High-redshift galaxiesGalaxy kinematicsGalaxy spectroscopyGalaxy bulgesGalaxy disksGalaxy dynamics |
| spellingShingle | Erica Nelson Gabriel Brammer Clara Giménez-Arteaga Pascal A. Oesch Rohan P. Naidu Hannah Übler Jasleen Matharu Alice E. Shapley Katherine E. Whitaker Emily Wisnioski Natascha M. Förster Schreiber Renske Smit Pieter van Dokkum John Chisholm Ryan Endsley Abigail I. Hartley Justus Gibson Emma Giovinazzo Garth Illingworth Ivo Labbe Michael V. Maseda Jorryt Matthee Alba Covelo Paz Sedona H. Price Naveen A. Reddy Irene Shivaei Andrea Weibel Stijn Wuyts Mengyuan Xiao Stacey Alberts William M. Baker Andrew J. Bunker Alex J. Cameron Stephane Charlot Daniel J. Eisenstein Anna de Graaff Zhiyuan Ji Benjamin D. Johnson Gareth C. Jones Roberto Maiolino Brant Robertson Lester Sandles Katherine A. Suess Sandro Tacchella Christina C. Williams Joris Witstok Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4 The Astrophysical Journal Letters High-redshift galaxies Galaxy kinematics Galaxy spectroscopy Galaxy bulges Galaxy disks Galaxy dynamics |
| title | Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4 |
| title_full | Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4 |
| title_fullStr | Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4 |
| title_short | Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4 |
| title_sort | ionized gas kinematics with fresco an extended massive rapidly rotating galaxy at z 5 4 |
| topic | High-redshift galaxies Galaxy kinematics Galaxy spectroscopy Galaxy bulges Galaxy disks Galaxy dynamics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17 |
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