Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4

Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4

With the remarkable sensitivity and resolution of JWST in the infrared, measuring rest-optical kinematics of galaxies at z > 5 has become possible for the first time. This study pilots a new method for measuring galaxy dynamics for highly multiplexed, unbiased samples by combining FRESCO NIRCam g...

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Main Authors: Erica Nelson, Gabriel Brammer, Clara Giménez-Arteaga, Pascal A. Oesch, Rohan P. Naidu, Hannah Übler, Jasleen Matharu, Alice E. Shapley, Katherine E. Whitaker, Emily Wisnioski, Natascha M. Förster Schreiber, Renske Smit, Pieter van Dokkum, John Chisholm, Ryan Endsley, Abigail I. Hartley, Justus Gibson, Emma Giovinazzo, Garth Illingworth, Ivo Labbe, Michael V. Maseda, Jorryt Matthee, Alba Covelo Paz, Sedona H. Price, Naveen A. Reddy, Irene Shivaei, Andrea Weibel, Stijn Wuyts, Mengyuan Xiao, Stacey Alberts, William M. Baker, Andrew J. Bunker, Alex J. Cameron, Stephane Charlot, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Anna de Graaff, Zhiyuan Ji, Benjamin D. Johnson, Gareth C. Jones, Roberto Maiolino, Brant Robertson, Lester Sandles, Katherine A. Suess, Sandro Tacchella, Christina C. Williams, Joris Witstok
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2024-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Subjects:
High-redshift galaxies
Galaxy kinematics
Galaxy spectroscopy
Galaxy bulges
Galaxy disks
Galaxy dynamics
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17
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Summary:With the remarkable sensitivity and resolution of JWST in the infrared, measuring rest-optical kinematics of galaxies at z > 5 has become possible for the first time. This study pilots a new method for measuring galaxy dynamics for highly multiplexed, unbiased samples by combining FRESCO NIRCam grism spectroscopy and JADES medium-band imaging. Here we present one of the first JWST kinematic measurements for a galaxy at z > 5. We find a significant velocity gradient, which, if interpreted as rotation, yields V _rot = 305 ± 70 km s ^−1 , and we hence refer to this galaxy as Twister-z5. With a rest-frame optical effective radius of r _e = 2.25 kpc, the high rotation velocity in this galaxy is not due to a compact size, as may be expected in the early Universe, but rather to a high total mass, $\mathrm{log}({M}_{\mathrm{dyn}}/{M}_{\odot })=11.2\pm 0.2$ . This is a factor of roughly 10× higher than the stellar mass within r _e . We also observe that the radial H α equivalent width profile and the specific star formation rate map from resolved stellar population modeling are centrally depressed by a factor of ∼1.5 from the center to r _e . Combined with the morphology of the line-emitting gas in comparison to the continuum, this centrally suppressed star formation is consistent with a star-forming disk surrounding a bulge growing inside out. While large, rapidly rotating disks are common to z ∼ 2, the existence of one after only 1 Gyr of cosmic time, shown for the first time in ionized gas, adds to the growing evidence that some galaxies matured earlier than expected in the history of the Universe.
ISSN:2041-8205

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