Trends and challenges in organoid modeling and expansion with pluripotent stem cells and somatic tissue

The increasing demand for disease modeling, preclinical drug testing, and long waiting lists for alternative organ substitutes has posed significant challenges to current limitations in organoid technology. Consequently, organoid technology has emerged as a cutting-edge tool capable of accurately re...

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Main Authors: Jian-Yun Ge, Yun Wang, Qi-Lin Li, Fan-Kai Liu, Quan-Kai Lei, Yun-Wen Zheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: PeerJ Inc. 2024-11-01
Series:PeerJ
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Online Access:https://peerj.com/articles/18422.pdf
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author Jian-Yun Ge
Yun Wang
Qi-Lin Li
Fan-Kai Liu
Quan-Kai Lei
Yun-Wen Zheng
author_facet Jian-Yun Ge
Yun Wang
Qi-Lin Li
Fan-Kai Liu
Quan-Kai Lei
Yun-Wen Zheng
author_sort Jian-Yun Ge
collection DOAJ
description The increasing demand for disease modeling, preclinical drug testing, and long waiting lists for alternative organ substitutes has posed significant challenges to current limitations in organoid technology. Consequently, organoid technology has emerged as a cutting-edge tool capable of accurately recapitulating the complexity of actual organs in physiology and functionality. To bridge the gaps between basic research and pharmaceutical as well as clinical applications, efforts have been made to develop organoids from tissue-derived stem cells or pluripotent stem cells. These developments include optimizing starting cells, refining culture systems, and introducing genetic modifications. With the rapid development of organoid technology, organoid composition has evolved from single-cell to multi-cell types, enhancing their level of biomimicry. Tissue structure has become more refined, and core challenges like vascularization are being addressed actively. These improvements are expected to pave the way for the construction of organoid atlases, automated large-scale cultivation, and universally compatible organoid biobanks. However, major obstacles remain to be overcome before urgently proof-of-concept organoids can be readily converted to practical applications. These obstacles include achieving structural and functional summarily to native tissue, remodeling the microenvironment, and scaling up production. This review aims to summarize the status of organoid development and applications, highlight recent progress, acknowledge existing limitations and challenges, and provide insights into future advancements. It is expected that this will contribute to the establishment of a reliable, scalable, and practical platform for organoid production and translation, further promoting their use in the pharmaceutical industry and regenerative medicine.
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spelling doaj-art-d8286b14abdd44a8a6a8e835d882dfe02024-11-29T15:05:17ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592024-11-0112e1842210.7717/peerj.18422Trends and challenges in organoid modeling and expansion with pluripotent stem cells and somatic tissueJian-Yun Ge0Yun Wang1Qi-Lin Li2Fan-Kai Liu3Quan-Kai Lei4Yun-Wen Zheng5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, and South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong, ChinaInstitute of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Affilated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaInstitute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaInstitute of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Affilated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, and South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong, ChinaThe increasing demand for disease modeling, preclinical drug testing, and long waiting lists for alternative organ substitutes has posed significant challenges to current limitations in organoid technology. Consequently, organoid technology has emerged as a cutting-edge tool capable of accurately recapitulating the complexity of actual organs in physiology and functionality. To bridge the gaps between basic research and pharmaceutical as well as clinical applications, efforts have been made to develop organoids from tissue-derived stem cells or pluripotent stem cells. These developments include optimizing starting cells, refining culture systems, and introducing genetic modifications. With the rapid development of organoid technology, organoid composition has evolved from single-cell to multi-cell types, enhancing their level of biomimicry. Tissue structure has become more refined, and core challenges like vascularization are being addressed actively. These improvements are expected to pave the way for the construction of organoid atlases, automated large-scale cultivation, and universally compatible organoid biobanks. However, major obstacles remain to be overcome before urgently proof-of-concept organoids can be readily converted to practical applications. These obstacles include achieving structural and functional summarily to native tissue, remodeling the microenvironment, and scaling up production. This review aims to summarize the status of organoid development and applications, highlight recent progress, acknowledge existing limitations and challenges, and provide insights into future advancements. It is expected that this will contribute to the establishment of a reliable, scalable, and practical platform for organoid production and translation, further promoting their use in the pharmaceutical industry and regenerative medicine.https://peerj.com/articles/18422.pdfOrganoidUp-scalingExpansionDisease modelingTransplantationBioreactor
spellingShingle Jian-Yun Ge
Yun Wang
Qi-Lin Li
Fan-Kai Liu
Quan-Kai Lei
Yun-Wen Zheng
Trends and challenges in organoid modeling and expansion with pluripotent stem cells and somatic tissue
PeerJ
Organoid
Up-scaling
Expansion
Disease modeling
Transplantation
Bioreactor
title Trends and challenges in organoid modeling and expansion with pluripotent stem cells and somatic tissue
title_full Trends and challenges in organoid modeling and expansion with pluripotent stem cells and somatic tissue
title_fullStr Trends and challenges in organoid modeling and expansion with pluripotent stem cells and somatic tissue
title_full_unstemmed Trends and challenges in organoid modeling and expansion with pluripotent stem cells and somatic tissue
title_short Trends and challenges in organoid modeling and expansion with pluripotent stem cells and somatic tissue
title_sort trends and challenges in organoid modeling and expansion with pluripotent stem cells and somatic tissue
topic Organoid
Up-scaling
Expansion
Disease modeling
Transplantation
Bioreactor
url https://peerj.com/articles/18422.pdf
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