Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in Bangladeshi Adults: Results from a Population-Based Survey with 24-Hour Urine Collections
Introduction: The high burden of blood pressure-related cardiovascular diseases in Bangladesh is potentially caused by excessive dietary sodium and insufficient potassium intake. Our objective is to estimate dietary salt and potassium intake among Bangladesh rural and urban adults from urinary excre...
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Ubiquity Press
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Global Heart |
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| Online Access: | https://account.globalheartjournal.com/index.php/up-j-gh/article/view/1447 |
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| author | Jubaida Akhtar Mohammad A. Al-Mamun Mohammad N.-N. Sayem Mohammad J. Ahmed Mahfuzur R. Bhuiyan Shamim Jubayer Mohammad R. Amin Md. R. Karim Megan E. Henry Matti Marklund Laura Cobb Dinesh Neupane Lawrence J. Appel Sohel R. Choudhury |
| author_facet | Jubaida Akhtar Mohammad A. Al-Mamun Mohammad N.-N. Sayem Mohammad J. Ahmed Mahfuzur R. Bhuiyan Shamim Jubayer Mohammad R. Amin Md. R. Karim Megan E. Henry Matti Marklund Laura Cobb Dinesh Neupane Lawrence J. Appel Sohel R. Choudhury |
| author_sort | Jubaida Akhtar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: The high burden of blood pressure-related cardiovascular diseases in Bangladesh is potentially caused by excessive dietary sodium and insufficient potassium intake. Our objective is to estimate dietary salt and potassium intake among Bangladesh rural and urban adults from urinary excretion of sodium and potassium. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study between December 2017 and June 2018, including participants aged 30–59 years from three urban and three rural sites in Bangladesh. Data included urinary excretion of sodium and potassium estimated from one 24-hr urine collection and blood pressure measurements. Results: Among 840 enrolled participants, complete data was available in 509 individuals. Mean age was 43.0 (SD ±7.9) years; 20.9% had hypertension, 50.9% were women, and 50.9% resided in urban areas. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 118.6 (SD ± 16.6) mmHg and 76.3 (SD ± 11.3) mmHg, respectively. Overall, the mean urinary sodium excretion was 3.9 g/day (95% CI = 3.8 to 4.0), corresponding to a mean salt intake of 9.7 g/day (95% CI = 9.4–10.1). Mean urinary potassium excretion was 1.4 g/day (95% CI = 1.3–1.4), corresponding to an estimated mean dietary potassium intake of 2.0 g/day. Men and urban residents had slightly but non-significantly higher sodium and potassium excretion than women and rural residents. Conclusion: In Bangladesh, salt intake exceeded WHO’s recommended <5g/day limit, while potassium intake was substantially lower than the recommended intake of ≥ 3.5g/day for adults. Promoting low-sodium and potassium-rich diets through nationwide campaigns and policies, including advocating for accessible low-sodium and potassium-enriched salt substitutes, is recommended to mitigate cardiovascular disease risks. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d820448851884e36a56a3f1ed957c813 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2211-8179 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Ubiquity Press |
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| series | Global Heart |
| spelling | doaj-art-d820448851884e36a56a3f1ed957c8132025-08-21T12:35:35ZengUbiquity PressGlobal Heart2211-81792025-07-01201626210.5334/gh.14471428Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in Bangladeshi Adults: Results from a Population-Based Survey with 24-Hour Urine CollectionsJubaida Akhtar0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0556-4190Mohammad A. Al-Mamun1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3377-1122Mohammad N.-N. Sayem2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9857-1666Mohammad J. Ahmed3Mahfuzur R. Bhuiyan4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6962-7264Shamim Jubayer5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8595-1993Mohammad R. Amin6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5500-5103Md. R. Karim7Megan E. Henry8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2964-2122Matti Marklund9Laura Cobb10Dinesh Neupane11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1501-2990Lawrence J. Appel12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0673-6823Sohel R. Choudhury13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7498-4634Department of Epidemiology and Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Mirpur-1, DhakaDepartment of Epidemiology and Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Mirpur-1, DhakaDepartment of Epidemiology and Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Mirpur-1, DhakaDepartment of Pathology, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Mirpur-1, DhakaDepartment of Epidemiology and Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Mirpur-1, DhakaDepartment of Epidemiology and Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Mirpur-1, DhakaNon-Communicable Disease Control (NCDC) Programme, Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Mohakhali, DhakaNon-Communicable Disease Control (NCDC) Programme, Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Mohakhali, DhakaDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MarylandDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MarylandResolve To Save Lives (RTSL), Vital Strategies, New YorkDepartment of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins UniversityDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MarylandDepartment of Epidemiology and Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Mirpur-1, DhakaIntroduction: The high burden of blood pressure-related cardiovascular diseases in Bangladesh is potentially caused by excessive dietary sodium and insufficient potassium intake. Our objective is to estimate dietary salt and potassium intake among Bangladesh rural and urban adults from urinary excretion of sodium and potassium. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study between December 2017 and June 2018, including participants aged 30–59 years from three urban and three rural sites in Bangladesh. Data included urinary excretion of sodium and potassium estimated from one 24-hr urine collection and blood pressure measurements. Results: Among 840 enrolled participants, complete data was available in 509 individuals. Mean age was 43.0 (SD ±7.9) years; 20.9% had hypertension, 50.9% were women, and 50.9% resided in urban areas. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 118.6 (SD ± 16.6) mmHg and 76.3 (SD ± 11.3) mmHg, respectively. Overall, the mean urinary sodium excretion was 3.9 g/day (95% CI = 3.8 to 4.0), corresponding to a mean salt intake of 9.7 g/day (95% CI = 9.4–10.1). Mean urinary potassium excretion was 1.4 g/day (95% CI = 1.3–1.4), corresponding to an estimated mean dietary potassium intake of 2.0 g/day. Men and urban residents had slightly but non-significantly higher sodium and potassium excretion than women and rural residents. Conclusion: In Bangladesh, salt intake exceeded WHO’s recommended <5g/day limit, while potassium intake was substantially lower than the recommended intake of ≥ 3.5g/day for adults. Promoting low-sodium and potassium-rich diets through nationwide campaigns and policies, including advocating for accessible low-sodium and potassium-enriched salt substitutes, is recommended to mitigate cardiovascular disease risks.https://account.globalheartjournal.com/index.php/up-j-gh/article/view/1447sodiumpotassiumdietary sodiumdietary saltdietary potassiumbangladesh |
| spellingShingle | Jubaida Akhtar Mohammad A. Al-Mamun Mohammad N.-N. Sayem Mohammad J. Ahmed Mahfuzur R. Bhuiyan Shamim Jubayer Mohammad R. Amin Md. R. Karim Megan E. Henry Matti Marklund Laura Cobb Dinesh Neupane Lawrence J. Appel Sohel R. Choudhury Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in Bangladeshi Adults: Results from a Population-Based Survey with 24-Hour Urine Collections Global Heart sodium potassium dietary sodium dietary salt dietary potassium bangladesh |
| title | Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in Bangladeshi Adults: Results from a Population-Based Survey with 24-Hour Urine Collections |
| title_full | Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in Bangladeshi Adults: Results from a Population-Based Survey with 24-Hour Urine Collections |
| title_fullStr | Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in Bangladeshi Adults: Results from a Population-Based Survey with 24-Hour Urine Collections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in Bangladeshi Adults: Results from a Population-Based Survey with 24-Hour Urine Collections |
| title_short | Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in Bangladeshi Adults: Results from a Population-Based Survey with 24-Hour Urine Collections |
| title_sort | urinary sodium and potassium excretion in bangladeshi adults results from a population based survey with 24 hour urine collections |
| topic | sodium potassium dietary sodium dietary salt dietary potassium bangladesh |
| url | https://account.globalheartjournal.com/index.php/up-j-gh/article/view/1447 |
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