Dynamics of Sandy Shorelines and Their Response to Wave Climate Change in the East of Hainan Island, China
Beach erosion and shoreline dynamics are strongly affected by alterations in nearshore wave intensity and energy, especially in the context of global climate change. However, existing works do not thoroughly study the evolution of the sandy coasts of eastern Hainan Island, China, nor their responses...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/11/1921 |
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| author | Wei Xu Shenliang Chen Hongyu Ji Taihuan Hu Xiaojing Zhong Peng Li |
| author_facet | Wei Xu Shenliang Chen Hongyu Ji Taihuan Hu Xiaojing Zhong Peng Li |
| author_sort | Wei Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Beach erosion and shoreline dynamics are strongly affected by alterations in nearshore wave intensity and energy, especially in the context of global climate change. However, existing works do not thoroughly study the evolution of the sandy coasts of eastern Hainan Island, China, nor their responses to wave climate change driven by climate variability. This study focuses on the open sandy coast and assesses shoreline evolutionary dynamics in response to wave climate variability over a 30-year period from 1994 to 2023, using an open-source software toolkit that semi-automatically identify the shorelines (CoastSat v2.4) and reanalysis wave datasets (ERA5). The shorelines of the study area were extracted from CoastSat, and then tidal correction and outlier correction were performed for clearer shorelines. Combining the shoreline changes and wave conditions derived from ERA5, the dynamics of the shorelines and their response to wave climate change were further studied. The findings reveal that the average long-term shoreline change rate along the eastern coast of Hainan Island is 0.03 m/year, with 44.8% of transects experiencing erosion and 55.2% showing long-term accretion. And distinct evolutionary patterns emerge across different sections. Interannual variability is marked by alternating erosion and siltation cycles, while most sections of the coast experiences clear seasonal fluctuations, with accretion typically occurring during summer and erosion occurring in winter. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles drive changes in parameters including significant wave height, mean wave period, wave energy flux, and mean wave direction, leading to long-term changes in wave climate. The multi-scale behavior of the sandy shoreline responds distinctly to the ongoing changes in wave climate triggered by ENSO viability, with El Niño events typically resulting in accretion and La Niña periods causing erosion. Notably, mean wave direction is the metric most closely linked to changes in the shoreline among all the others. In conclusion, the interplay of escalating anthropogenic activities, natural processes, and climate change contributes to the long-term evolution of sandy shorelines. We believe this study can offer a scientific reference for erosion prevention and management strategies of sandy beaches, based on the analysis presented above. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d81b1f3d9c674b10b64b80a2694553f0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-d81b1f3d9c674b10b64b80a2694553f02024-11-26T18:07:56ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122024-10-011211192110.3390/jmse12111921Dynamics of Sandy Shorelines and Their Response to Wave Climate Change in the East of Hainan Island, ChinaWei Xu0Shenliang Chen1Hongyu Ji2Taihuan Hu3Xiaojing Zhong4Peng Li5State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, ChinaCollege of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaCollege of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaBeach erosion and shoreline dynamics are strongly affected by alterations in nearshore wave intensity and energy, especially in the context of global climate change. However, existing works do not thoroughly study the evolution of the sandy coasts of eastern Hainan Island, China, nor their responses to wave climate change driven by climate variability. This study focuses on the open sandy coast and assesses shoreline evolutionary dynamics in response to wave climate variability over a 30-year period from 1994 to 2023, using an open-source software toolkit that semi-automatically identify the shorelines (CoastSat v2.4) and reanalysis wave datasets (ERA5). The shorelines of the study area were extracted from CoastSat, and then tidal correction and outlier correction were performed for clearer shorelines. Combining the shoreline changes and wave conditions derived from ERA5, the dynamics of the shorelines and their response to wave climate change were further studied. The findings reveal that the average long-term shoreline change rate along the eastern coast of Hainan Island is 0.03 m/year, with 44.8% of transects experiencing erosion and 55.2% showing long-term accretion. And distinct evolutionary patterns emerge across different sections. Interannual variability is marked by alternating erosion and siltation cycles, while most sections of the coast experiences clear seasonal fluctuations, with accretion typically occurring during summer and erosion occurring in winter. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles drive changes in parameters including significant wave height, mean wave period, wave energy flux, and mean wave direction, leading to long-term changes in wave climate. The multi-scale behavior of the sandy shoreline responds distinctly to the ongoing changes in wave climate triggered by ENSO viability, with El Niño events typically resulting in accretion and La Niña periods causing erosion. Notably, mean wave direction is the metric most closely linked to changes in the shoreline among all the others. In conclusion, the interplay of escalating anthropogenic activities, natural processes, and climate change contributes to the long-term evolution of sandy shorelines. We believe this study can offer a scientific reference for erosion prevention and management strategies of sandy beaches, based on the analysis presented above.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/11/1921sandy coastshoreline dynamicsCoastSatwave climateENSO |
| spellingShingle | Wei Xu Shenliang Chen Hongyu Ji Taihuan Hu Xiaojing Zhong Peng Li Dynamics of Sandy Shorelines and Their Response to Wave Climate Change in the East of Hainan Island, China Journal of Marine Science and Engineering sandy coast shoreline dynamics CoastSat wave climate ENSO |
| title | Dynamics of Sandy Shorelines and Their Response to Wave Climate Change in the East of Hainan Island, China |
| title_full | Dynamics of Sandy Shorelines and Their Response to Wave Climate Change in the East of Hainan Island, China |
| title_fullStr | Dynamics of Sandy Shorelines and Their Response to Wave Climate Change in the East of Hainan Island, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamics of Sandy Shorelines and Their Response to Wave Climate Change in the East of Hainan Island, China |
| title_short | Dynamics of Sandy Shorelines and Their Response to Wave Climate Change in the East of Hainan Island, China |
| title_sort | dynamics of sandy shorelines and their response to wave climate change in the east of hainan island china |
| topic | sandy coast shoreline dynamics CoastSat wave climate ENSO |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/11/1921 |
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