Global Three‐Dimensional Ionospheric Tomography by Combination of Ground‐Based and Space‐Borne GNSS Data
Abstract The inhomogeneous distribution of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data is a significant problem for global GNSS computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT). By combining ground‐based GNSS data from 460 global stations with space‐borne GNSS data onboard eleven Low‐Earth‐Orbit (LEO) s...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Space Weather |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003368 |
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| author | Dengkui Mei Xiaodong Ren Hang Liu Xuan Le Si Xiong Xiaohong Zhang |
| author_facet | Dengkui Mei Xiaodong Ren Hang Liu Xuan Le Si Xiong Xiaohong Zhang |
| author_sort | Dengkui Mei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The inhomogeneous distribution of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data is a significant problem for global GNSS computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT). By combining ground‐based GNSS data from 460 global stations with space‐borne GNSS data onboard eleven Low‐Earth‐Orbit (LEO) satellites, we employed the EOF (empirical orthogonal function)‐based multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (EMART) to reconstruct the global ionospheric electron densities. In comparison with GNSS + LEO (EMART_GL) solutions, the proportion of crossed voxels for GNSS‐only (EMART_G) solutions can rise by up to 12.54%, from 56.83% to 69.37%. Validation experiments were conducted under quiet and disturbed conditions using GNSS slant total electron content (STEC) references that were not previously used in ionospheric tomography. The EMART_GL solutions outperformed the EMART_G solutions when compared to the STEC references under quiet and disturbed conditions. The root mean square values of the CIT‐derived STEC for the EMART_G solutions can be decreased by 31.3% and 30.3% on average under quiet and disturbed conditions, respectively. The vertical TEC references from the Jason‐2 satellite were also used for validation over the ocean areas. Due to insufficient data over the ocean areas, the EMART_GL solutions showed no significant improvements. The reconstructed 3D IEDs were further validated with the COSMIC electron density profiles. Generally, the tomographic results of the EMART_GL solutions were more consistent with the COSMIC profiles when compared to those of the EMART_G solutions and the NeQuick‐2 model. It demonstrates that it is beneficial for global ionospheric tomography by combining ground‐based and space‐borne data. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d764e13a44c44f6e888bfa646c6390af |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1542-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Space Weather |
| spelling | doaj-art-d764e13a44c44f6e888bfa646c6390af2025-01-14T16:26:47ZengWileySpace Weather1542-73902023-04-01214n/an/a10.1029/2022SW003368Global Three‐Dimensional Ionospheric Tomography by Combination of Ground‐Based and Space‐Borne GNSS DataDengkui Mei0Xiaodong Ren1Hang Liu2Xuan Le3Si Xiong4Xiaohong Zhang5School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaSchool of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaSchool of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaSchool of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaSchool of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaSchool of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaAbstract The inhomogeneous distribution of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data is a significant problem for global GNSS computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT). By combining ground‐based GNSS data from 460 global stations with space‐borne GNSS data onboard eleven Low‐Earth‐Orbit (LEO) satellites, we employed the EOF (empirical orthogonal function)‐based multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (EMART) to reconstruct the global ionospheric electron densities. In comparison with GNSS + LEO (EMART_GL) solutions, the proportion of crossed voxels for GNSS‐only (EMART_G) solutions can rise by up to 12.54%, from 56.83% to 69.37%. Validation experiments were conducted under quiet and disturbed conditions using GNSS slant total electron content (STEC) references that were not previously used in ionospheric tomography. The EMART_GL solutions outperformed the EMART_G solutions when compared to the STEC references under quiet and disturbed conditions. The root mean square values of the CIT‐derived STEC for the EMART_G solutions can be decreased by 31.3% and 30.3% on average under quiet and disturbed conditions, respectively. The vertical TEC references from the Jason‐2 satellite were also used for validation over the ocean areas. Due to insufficient data over the ocean areas, the EMART_GL solutions showed no significant improvements. The reconstructed 3D IEDs were further validated with the COSMIC electron density profiles. Generally, the tomographic results of the EMART_GL solutions were more consistent with the COSMIC profiles when compared to those of the EMART_G solutions and the NeQuick‐2 model. It demonstrates that it is beneficial for global ionospheric tomography by combining ground‐based and space‐borne data.https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003368Low‐Earth‐Orbit (LEO)ionospheric tomographyslant total electron content(STEC)electron densityglobal navigation satellite system (GNSS) |
| spellingShingle | Dengkui Mei Xiaodong Ren Hang Liu Xuan Le Si Xiong Xiaohong Zhang Global Three‐Dimensional Ionospheric Tomography by Combination of Ground‐Based and Space‐Borne GNSS Data Space Weather Low‐Earth‐Orbit (LEO) ionospheric tomography slant total electron content(STEC) electron density global navigation satellite system (GNSS) |
| title | Global Three‐Dimensional Ionospheric Tomography by Combination of Ground‐Based and Space‐Borne GNSS Data |
| title_full | Global Three‐Dimensional Ionospheric Tomography by Combination of Ground‐Based and Space‐Borne GNSS Data |
| title_fullStr | Global Three‐Dimensional Ionospheric Tomography by Combination of Ground‐Based and Space‐Borne GNSS Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global Three‐Dimensional Ionospheric Tomography by Combination of Ground‐Based and Space‐Borne GNSS Data |
| title_short | Global Three‐Dimensional Ionospheric Tomography by Combination of Ground‐Based and Space‐Borne GNSS Data |
| title_sort | global three dimensional ionospheric tomography by combination of ground based and space borne gnss data |
| topic | Low‐Earth‐Orbit (LEO) ionospheric tomography slant total electron content(STEC) electron density global navigation satellite system (GNSS) |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003368 |
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