Sub-ppb H<sub>2</sub>S Sensing with Screen-Printed Porous ZnO/SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposite
Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) is a highly toxic and corrosive gas commonly found in industrial emissions and natural gas processing, posing serious risks to human health and environmental safety even at low concentrations. The early detection of H<sub>2</sub>S is therefor...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Mehdi Akbari-Saatlu Masoumeh Heidari Claes Mattsson Renyun Zhang Göran Thungström |
| author_facet | Mehdi Akbari-Saatlu Masoumeh Heidari Claes Mattsson Renyun Zhang Göran Thungström |
| author_sort | Mehdi Akbari-Saatlu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) is a highly toxic and corrosive gas commonly found in industrial emissions and natural gas processing, posing serious risks to human health and environmental safety even at low concentrations. The early detection of H<sub>2</sub>S is therefore critical for preventing accidents and ensuring compliance with safety regulations. This study presents the development of porous ZnO/SnO<sub>2</sub>-nanocomposite gas sensors tailored for the ultrasensitive detection of H<sub>2</sub>S at sub-ppb levels. Utilizing a screen-printing method, we fabricated five different sensor compositions—ranging from pure SnO<sub>2</sub> to pure ZnO—and characterized their structural and morphological properties through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Among these, the SnO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO sensor with a composition-weight ratio of 3:4 demonstrated the highest response at 325 °C, achieving a low detection limit of 0.14 ppb. The sensor was evaluated for detecting H<sub>2</sub>S concentrations ranging from 5 ppb to 500 ppb under dry, humid air and N<sub>2</sub> conditions. The relative concentration error was carefully calculated based on analytical sensitivity, confirming the sensor’s precision in measuring gas concentrations. Our findings underscore the significant advantages of mixture nanocomposites in enhancing gas sensitivity, offering promising applications in environmental monitoring and industrial safety. This research paves the way for the advancement of highly effective gas sensors capable of operating under diverse conditions with high accuracy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d73a14e5571d4e3d965378b694260f9f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-d73a14e5571d4e3d965378b694260f9f2025-01-08T03:20:29ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912024-10-011421172510.3390/nano14211725Sub-ppb H<sub>2</sub>S Sensing with Screen-Printed Porous ZnO/SnO<sub>2</sub> NanocompositeMehdi Akbari-Saatlu0Masoumeh Heidari1Claes Mattsson2Renyun Zhang3Göran Thungström4Department of Engineering, Mathematics and Science Education, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, SE-85170 Sundsvall, SwedenDepartment of Engineering, Mathematics and Science Education, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, SE-85170 Sundsvall, SwedenDepartment of Engineering, Mathematics and Science Education, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, SE-85170 Sundsvall, SwedenDepartment of Engineering, Mathematics and Science Education, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, SE-85170 Sundsvall, SwedenDepartment of Engineering, Mathematics and Science Education, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, SE-85170 Sundsvall, SwedenHydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) is a highly toxic and corrosive gas commonly found in industrial emissions and natural gas processing, posing serious risks to human health and environmental safety even at low concentrations. The early detection of H<sub>2</sub>S is therefore critical for preventing accidents and ensuring compliance with safety regulations. This study presents the development of porous ZnO/SnO<sub>2</sub>-nanocomposite gas sensors tailored for the ultrasensitive detection of H<sub>2</sub>S at sub-ppb levels. Utilizing a screen-printing method, we fabricated five different sensor compositions—ranging from pure SnO<sub>2</sub> to pure ZnO—and characterized their structural and morphological properties through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Among these, the SnO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO sensor with a composition-weight ratio of 3:4 demonstrated the highest response at 325 °C, achieving a low detection limit of 0.14 ppb. The sensor was evaluated for detecting H<sub>2</sub>S concentrations ranging from 5 ppb to 500 ppb under dry, humid air and N<sub>2</sub> conditions. The relative concentration error was carefully calculated based on analytical sensitivity, confirming the sensor’s precision in measuring gas concentrations. Our findings underscore the significant advantages of mixture nanocomposites in enhancing gas sensitivity, offering promising applications in environmental monitoring and industrial safety. This research paves the way for the advancement of highly effective gas sensors capable of operating under diverse conditions with high accuracy.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/21/1725ZnO/SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocompositegas sensorH<sub>2</sub>Sscreen printingultrasonic spray pyrolysis |
| spellingShingle | Mehdi Akbari-Saatlu Masoumeh Heidari Claes Mattsson Renyun Zhang Göran Thungström Sub-ppb H<sub>2</sub>S Sensing with Screen-Printed Porous ZnO/SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposite Nanomaterials ZnO/SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite gas sensor H<sub>2</sub>S screen printing ultrasonic spray pyrolysis |
| title | Sub-ppb H<sub>2</sub>S Sensing with Screen-Printed Porous ZnO/SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposite |
| title_full | Sub-ppb H<sub>2</sub>S Sensing with Screen-Printed Porous ZnO/SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposite |
| title_fullStr | Sub-ppb H<sub>2</sub>S Sensing with Screen-Printed Porous ZnO/SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposite |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sub-ppb H<sub>2</sub>S Sensing with Screen-Printed Porous ZnO/SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposite |
| title_short | Sub-ppb H<sub>2</sub>S Sensing with Screen-Printed Porous ZnO/SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposite |
| title_sort | sub ppb h sub 2 sub s sensing with screen printed porous zno sno sub 2 sub nanocomposite |
| topic | ZnO/SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite gas sensor H<sub>2</sub>S screen printing ultrasonic spray pyrolysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/21/1725 |
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