Optimized green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from guarana seed skin extract with antibacterial potential
This study optimizes the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using seed skin extract of guarana (Paullinia cupana) as a natural stabilizing and reducing agent. Employing a Taguchi design, nine experiments were conducted across three levels for four key factors: reaction temperature, pH,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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De Gruyter
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Green Processing and Synthesis |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2023-0210 |
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| author | Botinelly Nogueira Rodrigo Manzato Lizandro Silveira Gurgel Raiana Melchionna Albuquerque Patrícia Magalhães Teixeira Mendes Fabiana Hotza Dachamir |
| author_facet | Botinelly Nogueira Rodrigo Manzato Lizandro Silveira Gurgel Raiana Melchionna Albuquerque Patrícia Magalhães Teixeira Mendes Fabiana Hotza Dachamir |
| author_sort | Botinelly Nogueira Rodrigo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study optimizes the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using seed skin extract of guarana (Paullinia cupana) as a natural stabilizing and reducing agent. Employing a Taguchi design, nine experiments were conducted across three levels for four key factors: reaction temperature, pH, silver nitrate concentration, and guarana seed skin extract concentration to minimize AgNP size. Optimal conditions – pH 11, 5 mM silver nitrate, 50°C reaction temperature, and 1% (m/v) guarana extract – produced quasi-spherical AgNPs with an average size of ∼26 nm. Chemical analysis revealed caffeine as the main organic compound and potassium oxide as the primary inorganic component. UV-vis spectra showed an absorption peak at 438 nm, and X-ray diffraction confirmed typical AgNP peaks. Further analysis identified polyphenols, alkaloids, and flavonoids as reducing and stabilizing agents. A high AgNP concentration (180.0 ± 0.2 ppm) was confirmed through ICP-OES, and AgNPs demonstrated a significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50 μg·mL−1. This study underscores the sustainability of green synthesis as a promising alternative to traditional nanoparticle production methods. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d738e9536e964e4686b155114d04f6b4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2191-9550 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Green Processing and Synthesis |
| spelling | doaj-art-d738e9536e964e4686b155114d04f6b42025-01-14T13:23:04ZengDe GruyterGreen Processing and Synthesis2191-95502025-01-011411001256910.1515/gps-2023-0210Optimized green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from guarana seed skin extract with antibacterial potentialBotinelly Nogueira Rodrigo0Manzato Lizandro1Silveira Gurgel Raiana2Melchionna Albuquerque Patrícia3Magalhães Teixeira Mendes Fabiana4Hotza Dachamir5Interdisciplinary Laboratory for the Development of Nanostructures (LINDEN), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, BrazilLaboratory of Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials (LSCN), Federal Institute of Amazonas (IFAM), Manaus, AM, BrazilApplied Microbiology Laboratory, Amazonas State University (UEA), Manaus, AM, BrazilApplied Microbiology Laboratory, Amazonas State University (UEA), Manaus, AM, BrazilNational Institute of Technology (INT), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilInterdisciplinary Laboratory for the Development of Nanostructures (LINDEN), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, BrazilThis study optimizes the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using seed skin extract of guarana (Paullinia cupana) as a natural stabilizing and reducing agent. Employing a Taguchi design, nine experiments were conducted across three levels for four key factors: reaction temperature, pH, silver nitrate concentration, and guarana seed skin extract concentration to minimize AgNP size. Optimal conditions – pH 11, 5 mM silver nitrate, 50°C reaction temperature, and 1% (m/v) guarana extract – produced quasi-spherical AgNPs with an average size of ∼26 nm. Chemical analysis revealed caffeine as the main organic compound and potassium oxide as the primary inorganic component. UV-vis spectra showed an absorption peak at 438 nm, and X-ray diffraction confirmed typical AgNP peaks. Further analysis identified polyphenols, alkaloids, and flavonoids as reducing and stabilizing agents. A high AgNP concentration (180.0 ± 0.2 ppm) was confirmed through ICP-OES, and AgNPs demonstrated a significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50 μg·mL−1. This study underscores the sustainability of green synthesis as a promising alternative to traditional nanoparticle production methods.https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2023-0210green synthesispaullinia cupanataguchi designsilver nanoparticlesantibacterial activity |
| spellingShingle | Botinelly Nogueira Rodrigo Manzato Lizandro Silveira Gurgel Raiana Melchionna Albuquerque Patrícia Magalhães Teixeira Mendes Fabiana Hotza Dachamir Optimized green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from guarana seed skin extract with antibacterial potential Green Processing and Synthesis green synthesis paullinia cupana taguchi design silver nanoparticles antibacterial activity |
| title | Optimized green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from guarana seed skin extract with antibacterial potential |
| title_full | Optimized green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from guarana seed skin extract with antibacterial potential |
| title_fullStr | Optimized green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from guarana seed skin extract with antibacterial potential |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimized green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from guarana seed skin extract with antibacterial potential |
| title_short | Optimized green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from guarana seed skin extract with antibacterial potential |
| title_sort | optimized green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from guarana seed skin extract with antibacterial potential |
| topic | green synthesis paullinia cupana taguchi design silver nanoparticles antibacterial activity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2023-0210 |
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