Influence of Target Surface BRDF on Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging

The surface material of an object is a key factor that affects non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging. In this paper, we introduce the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) into NLOS imaging to study how the target surface material influences the quality of NLOS images. First, the BRDF of...

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Main Authors: Yufeng Yang, Kailei Yang, Ao Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Journal of Imaging
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/10/11/273
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author Yufeng Yang
Kailei Yang
Ao Zhang
author_facet Yufeng Yang
Kailei Yang
Ao Zhang
author_sort Yufeng Yang
collection DOAJ
description The surface material of an object is a key factor that affects non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging. In this paper, we introduce the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) into NLOS imaging to study how the target surface material influences the quality of NLOS images. First, the BRDF of two surface materials (aluminized insulation material and white paint board) was modeled using deep neural networks and compared with a five-parameter empirical model to validate the method’s accuracy. The method was then applied to fit BRDF data for different common materials. Finally, NLOS target simulations with varying surface materials were reconstructed using the confocal diffusion tomography algorithm. The reconstructed NLOS images were classified via a convolutional neural network to assess how different surface materials impacted imaging quality. The results show that image clarity improves when decreasing the specular reflection and increasing the diffuse reflection, with the best results obtained for surfaces exhibiting a high diffuse reflection and no specular reflection.
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issn 2313-433X
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publishDate 2024-10-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Journal of Imaging
spelling doaj-art-d6fb072fe40f4210b2495d5bc1416a262024-11-26T18:07:39ZengMDPI AGJournal of Imaging2313-433X2024-10-01101127310.3390/jimaging10110273Influence of Target Surface BRDF on Non-Line-of-Sight ImagingYufeng Yang0Kailei Yang1Ao Zhang2College of Automation & Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, ChinaCollege of Automation & Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, ChinaCollege of Automation & Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, ChinaThe surface material of an object is a key factor that affects non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging. In this paper, we introduce the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) into NLOS imaging to study how the target surface material influences the quality of NLOS images. First, the BRDF of two surface materials (aluminized insulation material and white paint board) was modeled using deep neural networks and compared with a five-parameter empirical model to validate the method’s accuracy. The method was then applied to fit BRDF data for different common materials. Finally, NLOS target simulations with varying surface materials were reconstructed using the confocal diffusion tomography algorithm. The reconstructed NLOS images were classified via a convolutional neural network to assess how different surface materials impacted imaging quality. The results show that image clarity improves when decreasing the specular reflection and increasing the diffuse reflection, with the best results obtained for surfaces exhibiting a high diffuse reflection and no specular reflection.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/10/11/273bidirectional reflection distribution functiondeep learningspatial target materialnon-line-of-sight imaging
spellingShingle Yufeng Yang
Kailei Yang
Ao Zhang
Influence of Target Surface BRDF on Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging
Journal of Imaging
bidirectional reflection distribution function
deep learning
spatial target material
non-line-of-sight imaging
title Influence of Target Surface BRDF on Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging
title_full Influence of Target Surface BRDF on Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging
title_fullStr Influence of Target Surface BRDF on Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Target Surface BRDF on Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging
title_short Influence of Target Surface BRDF on Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging
title_sort influence of target surface brdf on non line of sight imaging
topic bidirectional reflection distribution function
deep learning
spatial target material
non-line-of-sight imaging
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/10/11/273
work_keys_str_mv AT yufengyang influenceoftargetsurfacebrdfonnonlineofsightimaging
AT kaileiyang influenceoftargetsurfacebrdfonnonlineofsightimaging
AT aozhang influenceoftargetsurfacebrdfonnonlineofsightimaging