Anatomical and histological analysis of the scalene triangle in a Japanese population: implications for thoracic outlet syndrome diagnosis and management

Anatomical and histological analysis of the scalene triangle in a Japanese population: implications for thoracic outlet syndrome diagnosis and management

Abstract Background Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) arises from compression of neurovascular structures within the scalene triangle, costoclavicular space, or pectoralis minor insertion. In Western populations, the average scalene triangle base width is 10.7 mm; however, corresponding anatomical data...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Toshiya Nito, Hiroshi Satake, Masahiro Tsuchiya, Naomi Hanaka, Michiaki Takagi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
Subjects:
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Scalene triangle
Scalene muscle
Cadaver study
Enthesis
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-09048-2
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