Agricultural sustainability under unpredicted atmospheric changes—strategies to enhance crop resilience and system efficiency: a narrative review
Abstract Earth is warmer by 0.85 °C compared to the previous century, evidencing that the atmospheric conditions are rapidly changing, threatening agriculture and global food security. This climatic change induces biotic and abiotic stress, alters plants’ microclimates, and influences plant physiolo...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Discover Agriculture |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s44279-025-00287-4 |
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| Summary: | Abstract Earth is warmer by 0.85 °C compared to the previous century, evidencing that the atmospheric conditions are rapidly changing, threatening agriculture and global food security. This climatic change induces biotic and abiotic stress, alters plants’ microclimates, and influences plant physiological and morphological processes, consequently impacting crop productivity and farm profitability. The primary reason for the climatic shifts is the increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mainly carbon, in the environment, resulting from cement manufacturing, deforestation, and burning of fossil fuels, among other factors. Therefore, lowering carbon emissions occupies a vital place in global budgeting, with its social cost ($29 ton− 1 of carbon) increasing at 2% year− 1. This review summarizes the literature relating to climate change, considering both anthropogenic and natural sources, and its multifaceted implications for agriculture. It then expands on the impact of climate change on plant morphology, plant physiology, plant productivity, soil hydrology, soil fertility, irrigation availability, and socioeconomics. Then it explored the future research directions targeted at improving the current climate-crop assessment methods. Furthermore, this review illustrates the possible mitigation strategies considering the water, nutrient, weather, carbon, and knowledge-smart agriculture such as (i) sustainable land management, (ii) soil water retention and soil conservation, (iii) soil nutrient retention practices, (iv) reduction of GHGs, (v) climate smart agriculture and use of improved agricultural technologies. Lastly, this review elucidates the transformative progress in plant breeding, genetics, and genomic strategies of crop improvement, such as (i) genotype by environment interactions and predictive breeding, (ii) adaptive traits, high-throughput phenotyping and phenomics, and (iii) molecular approaches for studying stress tolerance. |
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| ISSN: | 2731-9598 |