Advances in genomic tools for plant breeding: harnessing DNA molecular markers, genomic selection, and genome editing

Abstract Conventional pre-genomics breeding methodologies have significantly improved crop yields since the mid-twentieth century. Genomics provides breeders with advanced tools for whole-genome study, enabling a direct genotype–phenotype analysis. This shift has led to precise and efficient crop de...

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Main Authors: Rahul Kumar, Sankar Prasad Das, Burhan Uddin Choudhury, Amit Kumar, Nitish Ranjan Prakash, Ramlakhan Verma, Mridul Chakraborti, Ayam Gangarani Devi, Bijoya Bhattacharjee, Rekha Das, Bapi Das, H. Lembisana Devi, Biswajit Das, Santoshi Rawat, Vinay Kumar Mishra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:Biological Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-024-00562-6
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author Rahul Kumar
Sankar Prasad Das
Burhan Uddin Choudhury
Amit Kumar
Nitish Ranjan Prakash
Ramlakhan Verma
Mridul Chakraborti
Ayam Gangarani Devi
Bijoya Bhattacharjee
Rekha Das
Bapi Das
H. Lembisana Devi
Biswajit Das
Santoshi Rawat
Vinay Kumar Mishra
author_facet Rahul Kumar
Sankar Prasad Das
Burhan Uddin Choudhury
Amit Kumar
Nitish Ranjan Prakash
Ramlakhan Verma
Mridul Chakraborti
Ayam Gangarani Devi
Bijoya Bhattacharjee
Rekha Das
Bapi Das
H. Lembisana Devi
Biswajit Das
Santoshi Rawat
Vinay Kumar Mishra
author_sort Rahul Kumar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Conventional pre-genomics breeding methodologies have significantly improved crop yields since the mid-twentieth century. Genomics provides breeders with advanced tools for whole-genome study, enabling a direct genotype–phenotype analysis. This shift has led to precise and efficient crop development through genomics-based approaches, including molecular markers, genomic selection, and genome editing. Molecular markers, such as SNPs, are crucial for identifying genomic regions linked to important traits, enhancing breeding accuracy and efficiency. Genomic resources viz. genetic markers, reference genomes, sequence and protein databases, transcriptomes, and gene expression profiles, are vital in plant breeding and aid in the identification of key traits, understanding genetic diversity, assist in genomic mapping, support marker-assisted selection and speeding up breeding programs. Advanced techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 allow precise gene modification, accelerating breeding processes. Key techniques like Genome-Wide Association study (GWAS), Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS), and Genomic Selection (GS) enable precise trait selection and prediction of breeding outcomes, improving crop yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance. These tools are handy for complex traits influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors. This paper explores new genomic technologies like molecular markers, genomic selection, and genome editing for plant breeding showcasing their impact on developing new plant varieties.
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spelling doaj-art-d62676a93f7042e494e09d8d8a92759f2024-11-10T12:08:45ZengBMCBiological Research0717-62872024-11-0157112310.1186/s40659-024-00562-6Advances in genomic tools for plant breeding: harnessing DNA molecular markers, genomic selection, and genome editingRahul Kumar0Sankar Prasad Das1Burhan Uddin Choudhury2Amit Kumar3Nitish Ranjan Prakash4Ramlakhan Verma5Mridul Chakraborti6Ayam Gangarani Devi7Bijoya Bhattacharjee8Rekha Das9Bapi Das10H. Lembisana Devi11Biswajit Das12Santoshi Rawat13Vinay Kumar Mishra14ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Tripura CentreICAR-National Research Centre for OrchidsICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Tripura CentreICAR Research Complex for NEH RegionICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research InstituteICAR-National Rice Research InstituteICAR-National Rice Research InstituteICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Tripura CentreICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Tripura CentreICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Tripura CentreICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Tripura CentreICAR –Krishi Vigyan KendraICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Tripura CentreDepartment of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, G.B.P.U.A.&T.ICAR Research Complex for NEH RegionAbstract Conventional pre-genomics breeding methodologies have significantly improved crop yields since the mid-twentieth century. Genomics provides breeders with advanced tools for whole-genome study, enabling a direct genotype–phenotype analysis. This shift has led to precise and efficient crop development through genomics-based approaches, including molecular markers, genomic selection, and genome editing. Molecular markers, such as SNPs, are crucial for identifying genomic regions linked to important traits, enhancing breeding accuracy and efficiency. Genomic resources viz. genetic markers, reference genomes, sequence and protein databases, transcriptomes, and gene expression profiles, are vital in plant breeding and aid in the identification of key traits, understanding genetic diversity, assist in genomic mapping, support marker-assisted selection and speeding up breeding programs. Advanced techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 allow precise gene modification, accelerating breeding processes. Key techniques like Genome-Wide Association study (GWAS), Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS), and Genomic Selection (GS) enable precise trait selection and prediction of breeding outcomes, improving crop yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance. These tools are handy for complex traits influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors. This paper explores new genomic technologies like molecular markers, genomic selection, and genome editing for plant breeding showcasing their impact on developing new plant varieties.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-024-00562-6Molecular markersGenomic selectionCRISPR-Cas9Genomic toolsGenomic resourcesPlant breeding
spellingShingle Rahul Kumar
Sankar Prasad Das
Burhan Uddin Choudhury
Amit Kumar
Nitish Ranjan Prakash
Ramlakhan Verma
Mridul Chakraborti
Ayam Gangarani Devi
Bijoya Bhattacharjee
Rekha Das
Bapi Das
H. Lembisana Devi
Biswajit Das
Santoshi Rawat
Vinay Kumar Mishra
Advances in genomic tools for plant breeding: harnessing DNA molecular markers, genomic selection, and genome editing
Biological Research
Molecular markers
Genomic selection
CRISPR-Cas9
Genomic tools
Genomic resources
Plant breeding
title Advances in genomic tools for plant breeding: harnessing DNA molecular markers, genomic selection, and genome editing
title_full Advances in genomic tools for plant breeding: harnessing DNA molecular markers, genomic selection, and genome editing
title_fullStr Advances in genomic tools for plant breeding: harnessing DNA molecular markers, genomic selection, and genome editing
title_full_unstemmed Advances in genomic tools for plant breeding: harnessing DNA molecular markers, genomic selection, and genome editing
title_short Advances in genomic tools for plant breeding: harnessing DNA molecular markers, genomic selection, and genome editing
title_sort advances in genomic tools for plant breeding harnessing dna molecular markers genomic selection and genome editing
topic Molecular markers
Genomic selection
CRISPR-Cas9
Genomic tools
Genomic resources
Plant breeding
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-024-00562-6
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