Photodegradation of Propaquizafop in Water Under UV Irradiation: The Identification of Transformation Products and Elucidation of Photodegradation Pathway
The photolysis kinetics of propaquizafop in water under ultraviolet light was investigated in this study, and the effects of different influencing factors (pH, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow&...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Zhijia Cheng Zhongbin Lu Zhiwei Shao Bowen Huang Yang Xiong Hongqiang Fei Xian Wu Yanwei Liu Mei Li Zhiguang Hou Zongzhi Lu |
| author_facet | Zhijia Cheng Zhongbin Lu Zhiwei Shao Bowen Huang Yang Xiong Hongqiang Fei Xian Wu Yanwei Liu Mei Li Zhiguang Hou Zongzhi Lu |
| author_sort | Zhijia Cheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The photolysis kinetics of propaquizafop in water under ultraviolet light was investigated in this study, and the effects of different influencing factors (pH, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, metal ions) on the photolysis of propaquizafop were clarified. Propaquizafop residues in water were determined by a HPLC-UV detector. The results showed that the pH of the aqueous solution had no significant effect on the photolysis of propaquizafop (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The low <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, concentration (0.5~2 mmol/L) had a weak inhibitory effect on the photolysis of the propaquizafop; when the concentration of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> was 4 mmol/L, the degradation half-life of the propaquizafop was significantly higher than with other treatments (<i>p</i> < 0.05); Different concentrations of Fe<sup>3+</sup> had varying degrees of inhibitory effects on the photolysis of propaquizafop. The inhibitory effect was stronger at low concentrations (0.5 mmol/L and 1 mmol/L) and weaker at high concentrations (2 mmol/L and 4 mmol/L). As the concentrations of Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and Ni<sup>2+</sup> increased, their inhibitory effect on the photolysis of propaquizafop in an aqueous solution became stronger. In addition, LC–QTOF-MS was used to identify the photoproducts of propaquizafop in aqueous solution in this study. Five types of photoproducts were identified, and several propaquizafop degradation pathways and mechanisms were proposed, mainly including rearrangement, cracking reactions, dechlorination reactions, and light-induced redox reactions. The results of this study will help us to better understand the photodegradation law of propaquizafop in aqueous solution and provide data support for its safety evaluation in water. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-d5691b3376f241b4847cebdd9c5b85252024-12-27T14:04:32ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-12-011412295910.3390/agronomy14122959Photodegradation of Propaquizafop in Water Under UV Irradiation: The Identification of Transformation Products and Elucidation of Photodegradation PathwayZhijia Cheng0Zhongbin Lu1Zhiwei Shao2Bowen Huang3Yang Xiong4Hongqiang Fei5Xian Wu6Yanwei Liu7Mei Li8Zhiguang Hou9Zongzhi Lu10Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling 136100, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun 130033, ChinaWuxi Food Safety Inspection and Test Center, Wuxi 214000, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaJilin City Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin 132101, ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling 136100, ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling 136100, ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling 136100, ChinaThe photolysis kinetics of propaquizafop in water under ultraviolet light was investigated in this study, and the effects of different influencing factors (pH, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, metal ions) on the photolysis of propaquizafop were clarified. Propaquizafop residues in water were determined by a HPLC-UV detector. The results showed that the pH of the aqueous solution had no significant effect on the photolysis of propaquizafop (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The low <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, concentration (0.5~2 mmol/L) had a weak inhibitory effect on the photolysis of the propaquizafop; when the concentration of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> was 4 mmol/L, the degradation half-life of the propaquizafop was significantly higher than with other treatments (<i>p</i> < 0.05); Different concentrations of Fe<sup>3+</sup> had varying degrees of inhibitory effects on the photolysis of propaquizafop. The inhibitory effect was stronger at low concentrations (0.5 mmol/L and 1 mmol/L) and weaker at high concentrations (2 mmol/L and 4 mmol/L). As the concentrations of Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and Ni<sup>2+</sup> increased, their inhibitory effect on the photolysis of propaquizafop in an aqueous solution became stronger. In addition, LC–QTOF-MS was used to identify the photoproducts of propaquizafop in aqueous solution in this study. Five types of photoproducts were identified, and several propaquizafop degradation pathways and mechanisms were proposed, mainly including rearrangement, cracking reactions, dechlorination reactions, and light-induced redox reactions. The results of this study will help us to better understand the photodegradation law of propaquizafop in aqueous solution and provide data support for its safety evaluation in water.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/2959propaquizafopphotolysiskineticstransformation product |
| spellingShingle | Zhijia Cheng Zhongbin Lu Zhiwei Shao Bowen Huang Yang Xiong Hongqiang Fei Xian Wu Yanwei Liu Mei Li Zhiguang Hou Zongzhi Lu Photodegradation of Propaquizafop in Water Under UV Irradiation: The Identification of Transformation Products and Elucidation of Photodegradation Pathway Agronomy propaquizafop photolysis kinetics transformation product |
| title | Photodegradation of Propaquizafop in Water Under UV Irradiation: The Identification of Transformation Products and Elucidation of Photodegradation Pathway |
| title_full | Photodegradation of Propaquizafop in Water Under UV Irradiation: The Identification of Transformation Products and Elucidation of Photodegradation Pathway |
| title_fullStr | Photodegradation of Propaquizafop in Water Under UV Irradiation: The Identification of Transformation Products and Elucidation of Photodegradation Pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photodegradation of Propaquizafop in Water Under UV Irradiation: The Identification of Transformation Products and Elucidation of Photodegradation Pathway |
| title_short | Photodegradation of Propaquizafop in Water Under UV Irradiation: The Identification of Transformation Products and Elucidation of Photodegradation Pathway |
| title_sort | photodegradation of propaquizafop in water under uv irradiation the identification of transformation products and elucidation of photodegradation pathway |
| topic | propaquizafop photolysis kinetics transformation product |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/2959 |
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