8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate-Conjugated Carbon-Coated Ferrite Nanodots for Fluoromagnetic Imaging, Smart Drug Delivery, and Biomolecular Sensing

Background: Superparamagnetic properties and excitation independence have been incorporated into carbon-decorated manganese ferrite nanodots (MnFe@C) to introduce an economical and safer multimodal agent for use in both T1-T2 MRI and fluorescence-based imaging to replace the conventional highly toxi...

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Main Authors: Anbazhagan Thirumalai, Koyeli Girigoswami, Alex Daniel Prabhu, Pazhani Durgadevi, Venkatakrishnan Kiran, Agnishwar Girigoswami
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Pharmaceutics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/11/1378
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author Anbazhagan Thirumalai
Koyeli Girigoswami
Alex Daniel Prabhu
Pazhani Durgadevi
Venkatakrishnan Kiran
Agnishwar Girigoswami
author_facet Anbazhagan Thirumalai
Koyeli Girigoswami
Alex Daniel Prabhu
Pazhani Durgadevi
Venkatakrishnan Kiran
Agnishwar Girigoswami
author_sort Anbazhagan Thirumalai
collection DOAJ
description Background: Superparamagnetic properties and excitation independence have been incorporated into carbon-decorated manganese ferrite nanodots (MnFe@C) to introduce an economical and safer multimodal agent for use in both T1-T2 MRI and fluorescence-based imaging to replace the conventional highly toxic heavy metal contrast agents. Methods: The surface conjugation of 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) to MnFe@C nanodots (ANS-MnFe@C) enhances both longitudinal and transverse MRI relaxation, improves fluorescence for optical imaging, and increases protein detection sensitivity, showing higher multimodal efficacy in terms of molar relaxivity, radiant efficiencies, and fluorescence sensitivity compared to MnFe@C. Results: The band gap energy was determined using Tauc’s equation to be 3.32 eV, while a 72% quantum yield demonstrated that ANS-MnFe@C was highly fluorescent, with the linear range and association constant calculated using the Stern–Volmer relation. The synthesized ANS-MnFe@C demonstrated excellent selectivity and sensitivity for bovine serum albumin (BSA), with a nanomolar detection limit of 367.09 nM and a broad linear range from 0.015 to 0.225 mM. Conclusions: In conclusion, ANS-MnFe@C holds ease of fabrication, good biocompatibility, as assessed in A375 cells, and an effective pH-sensitive doxorubicin release profile to establish anticancer activity in lung cancer cell line (A549), highlighting its potential as an affordable therapeutic agent for multimodal imaging, drug delivery, and protein sensing.
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spelling doaj-art-d514e014d4b14bdfb020b175544c609a2024-11-26T18:17:45ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232024-10-011611137810.3390/pharmaceutics161113788-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate-Conjugated Carbon-Coated Ferrite Nanodots for Fluoromagnetic Imaging, Smart Drug Delivery, and Biomolecular SensingAnbazhagan Thirumalai0Koyeli Girigoswami1Alex Daniel Prabhu2Pazhani Durgadevi3Venkatakrishnan Kiran4Agnishwar Girigoswami5Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences (FAHS), Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, IndiaMedical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences (FAHS), Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Radiology, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, IndiaMedical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences (FAHS), Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, IndiaMedical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences (FAHS), Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, IndiaMedical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences (FAHS), Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, IndiaBackground: Superparamagnetic properties and excitation independence have been incorporated into carbon-decorated manganese ferrite nanodots (MnFe@C) to introduce an economical and safer multimodal agent for use in both T1-T2 MRI and fluorescence-based imaging to replace the conventional highly toxic heavy metal contrast agents. Methods: The surface conjugation of 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) to MnFe@C nanodots (ANS-MnFe@C) enhances both longitudinal and transverse MRI relaxation, improves fluorescence for optical imaging, and increases protein detection sensitivity, showing higher multimodal efficacy in terms of molar relaxivity, radiant efficiencies, and fluorescence sensitivity compared to MnFe@C. Results: The band gap energy was determined using Tauc’s equation to be 3.32 eV, while a 72% quantum yield demonstrated that ANS-MnFe@C was highly fluorescent, with the linear range and association constant calculated using the Stern–Volmer relation. The synthesized ANS-MnFe@C demonstrated excellent selectivity and sensitivity for bovine serum albumin (BSA), with a nanomolar detection limit of 367.09 nM and a broad linear range from 0.015 to 0.225 mM. Conclusions: In conclusion, ANS-MnFe@C holds ease of fabrication, good biocompatibility, as assessed in A375 cells, and an effective pH-sensitive doxorubicin release profile to establish anticancer activity in lung cancer cell line (A549), highlighting its potential as an affordable therapeutic agent for multimodal imaging, drug delivery, and protein sensing.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/11/13788-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acidANScarbon dotsmultimodal imagingmanganese ferritetheranostic
spellingShingle Anbazhagan Thirumalai
Koyeli Girigoswami
Alex Daniel Prabhu
Pazhani Durgadevi
Venkatakrishnan Kiran
Agnishwar Girigoswami
8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate-Conjugated Carbon-Coated Ferrite Nanodots for Fluoromagnetic Imaging, Smart Drug Delivery, and Biomolecular Sensing
Pharmaceutics
8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid
ANS
carbon dots
multimodal imaging
manganese ferrite
theranostic
title 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate-Conjugated Carbon-Coated Ferrite Nanodots for Fluoromagnetic Imaging, Smart Drug Delivery, and Biomolecular Sensing
title_full 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate-Conjugated Carbon-Coated Ferrite Nanodots for Fluoromagnetic Imaging, Smart Drug Delivery, and Biomolecular Sensing
title_fullStr 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate-Conjugated Carbon-Coated Ferrite Nanodots for Fluoromagnetic Imaging, Smart Drug Delivery, and Biomolecular Sensing
title_full_unstemmed 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate-Conjugated Carbon-Coated Ferrite Nanodots for Fluoromagnetic Imaging, Smart Drug Delivery, and Biomolecular Sensing
title_short 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate-Conjugated Carbon-Coated Ferrite Nanodots for Fluoromagnetic Imaging, Smart Drug Delivery, and Biomolecular Sensing
title_sort 8 anilino 1 naphthalenesulfonate conjugated carbon coated ferrite nanodots for fluoromagnetic imaging smart drug delivery and biomolecular sensing
topic 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid
ANS
carbon dots
multimodal imaging
manganese ferrite
theranostic
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/11/1378
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