Gastrointestinal pathology in patients presenting with iron deficiency anaemia: A single-centre cross-sectional study
Background: About a third of the world’s population is estimated to suffer from anaemia, and iron deficiency is expected to account for about half of all anaemia cases. This study was designed to get an estimate of the proportion of patients with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) who have a significant...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1150_24 |
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| author | Shaik Mohammad Tahaseen Ravi Kirti Ramesh Kumar Sanjay Pandey Rajath Rao Anjani Kumar Rahul Arya Tanmoy Maji Ratnadeep Biswas |
| author_facet | Shaik Mohammad Tahaseen Ravi Kirti Ramesh Kumar Sanjay Pandey Rajath Rao Anjani Kumar Rahul Arya Tanmoy Maji Ratnadeep Biswas |
| author_sort | Shaik Mohammad Tahaseen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background:
About a third of the world’s population is estimated to suffer from anaemia, and iron deficiency is expected to account for about half of all anaemia cases. This study was designed to get an estimate of the proportion of patients with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) who have a significant gastrointestinal (GI) pathology, in particular a GI malignancy, and to identify any risk factors or predictors for the same.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted at a hospital in Eastern India. The study population comprised males above the age of 18 and postmenopausal females with IDA, excluding those haemodynamically unstable or with chronic diseases. Data collection included a detailed history, sociodemographic details, dietary habits, GI symptoms, and severity of anaemia. Faecal occult blood tests (OBTs) were conducted, and patients were referred for upper and lower GI endoscopy with biopsies.
Results:
Out of the 257 patients, 50.97% (n = 131) had a significant GI pathology, and 25.68% (n = 66) had a GI malignancy. Male gender (AOR: 5.203, 95% CI: 1.725–15.698) and a positive stool OBT (AOR: 6.516, 95% CI: 2.255–18.828) were found to be independent risk factors for any GI pathology. Age 40 years or above (AOR: 11.376, 95% CI: 1.199–107.946), loss of appetite (AOR: 15.548, 95% CI: 1.416–170.735), pain abdomen (AOR: 5.566, 95% CI: 1.149–26.953), dysphagia (AOR: 7.945, 95% CI: 1.036–60.915), family history of malignancy (AOR: 46.726, 95% CI: 4.076–535.645), and positive OBT (AOR: 22.430, 95% CI: 3.933–127.915) were found to be independent risk factors of GI malignancy.
Conclusions:
This study shows that a large proportion of adult males and postmenopausal females presenting with IDA in India have significant GI pathology. Furthermore, a significant proportion of them have GI malignancies. Thus, bidirectional endoscopy should be considered for these patients. Male patients, age >40, those with history of loss of appetite or weight, pain abdomen or dysphagia, positive family history, and positive OBT should be prioritised for the investigation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d3d1229ae0c94fce93c94fa6431465c4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2249-4863 2278-7135 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care |
| spelling | doaj-art-d3d1229ae0c94fce93c94fa6431465c42024-12-10T10:01:09ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Family Medicine and Primary Care2249-48632278-71352024-11-0113115341534810.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1150_24Gastrointestinal pathology in patients presenting with iron deficiency anaemia: A single-centre cross-sectional studyShaik Mohammad TahaseenRavi KirtiRamesh KumarSanjay PandeyRajath RaoAnjani KumarRahul AryaTanmoy MajiRatnadeep BiswasBackground: About a third of the world’s population is estimated to suffer from anaemia, and iron deficiency is expected to account for about half of all anaemia cases. This study was designed to get an estimate of the proportion of patients with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) who have a significant gastrointestinal (GI) pathology, in particular a GI malignancy, and to identify any risk factors or predictors for the same. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a hospital in Eastern India. The study population comprised males above the age of 18 and postmenopausal females with IDA, excluding those haemodynamically unstable or with chronic diseases. Data collection included a detailed history, sociodemographic details, dietary habits, GI symptoms, and severity of anaemia. Faecal occult blood tests (OBTs) were conducted, and patients were referred for upper and lower GI endoscopy with biopsies. Results: Out of the 257 patients, 50.97% (n = 131) had a significant GI pathology, and 25.68% (n = 66) had a GI malignancy. Male gender (AOR: 5.203, 95% CI: 1.725–15.698) and a positive stool OBT (AOR: 6.516, 95% CI: 2.255–18.828) were found to be independent risk factors for any GI pathology. Age 40 years or above (AOR: 11.376, 95% CI: 1.199–107.946), loss of appetite (AOR: 15.548, 95% CI: 1.416–170.735), pain abdomen (AOR: 5.566, 95% CI: 1.149–26.953), dysphagia (AOR: 7.945, 95% CI: 1.036–60.915), family history of malignancy (AOR: 46.726, 95% CI: 4.076–535.645), and positive OBT (AOR: 22.430, 95% CI: 3.933–127.915) were found to be independent risk factors of GI malignancy. Conclusions: This study shows that a large proportion of adult males and postmenopausal females presenting with IDA in India have significant GI pathology. Furthermore, a significant proportion of them have GI malignancies. Thus, bidirectional endoscopy should be considered for these patients. Male patients, age >40, those with history of loss of appetite or weight, pain abdomen or dysphagia, positive family history, and positive OBT should be prioritised for the investigation.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1150_24anaemiaendoscopygastrointestinalgastrointestinal diseasesgastrointestinal neoplasmsiron-deficiencyoccult blood |
| spellingShingle | Shaik Mohammad Tahaseen Ravi Kirti Ramesh Kumar Sanjay Pandey Rajath Rao Anjani Kumar Rahul Arya Tanmoy Maji Ratnadeep Biswas Gastrointestinal pathology in patients presenting with iron deficiency anaemia: A single-centre cross-sectional study Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care anaemia endoscopy gastrointestinal gastrointestinal diseases gastrointestinal neoplasms iron-deficiency occult blood |
| title | Gastrointestinal pathology in patients presenting with iron deficiency anaemia: A single-centre cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Gastrointestinal pathology in patients presenting with iron deficiency anaemia: A single-centre cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Gastrointestinal pathology in patients presenting with iron deficiency anaemia: A single-centre cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gastrointestinal pathology in patients presenting with iron deficiency anaemia: A single-centre cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Gastrointestinal pathology in patients presenting with iron deficiency anaemia: A single-centre cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | gastrointestinal pathology in patients presenting with iron deficiency anaemia a single centre cross sectional study |
| topic | anaemia endoscopy gastrointestinal gastrointestinal diseases gastrointestinal neoplasms iron-deficiency occult blood |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1150_24 |
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