On the tradition of using hanging metal seals in the offices of the Golden Horde and Post-Horde States
Research objectives: Following M.A. Usmanov stated claim that hanging seals were not at all used in the Horde offices, this became an indisputable fact. However, D. Kolodzeichik proved the existence of golden hanging seals, which were officially called altunbaisa, on Crimean charters of the 17th cen...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Marjani Institute of History
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Золотоордынское обозрение |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://goldhorde.ru/en/stati2024-1-5/ |
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