Geometric phase analysis of magnetic skyrmion lattices in Lorentz transmission electron microscopy images
Abstract Magnetic skyrmions are quasi-particles with a swirling spin texture that form two-dimensional lattices. Skyrmion lattices can exhibit defects in response to geometric constraints, variations of temperature or applied magnetic fields. Measuring deformations in skyrmion lattices is important...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-05-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62873-8 |
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| author | Thibaud Denneulin András Kovács Raluca Boltje Nikolai S. Kiselev Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski |
| author_facet | Thibaud Denneulin András Kovács Raluca Boltje Nikolai S. Kiselev Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski |
| author_sort | Thibaud Denneulin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Magnetic skyrmions are quasi-particles with a swirling spin texture that form two-dimensional lattices. Skyrmion lattices can exhibit defects in response to geometric constraints, variations of temperature or applied magnetic fields. Measuring deformations in skyrmion lattices is important to understand the interplay between the lattice structure and external influences. Geometric phase analysis (GPA) is a Fourier-based image processing method that is used to measure deformation fields in high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of crystalline materials. Here, we show that GPA can be applied quantitatively to Lorentz TEM images of two-dimensional skyrmion lattices obtained from a chiral magnet of FeGe. First, GPA is used to map deformation fields around a 5–7 dislocation and the results are compared with the linear theory of elasticity. Second, rotation angles between skyrmion crystal grains are measured and compared with angles calculated from the density of dislocations. Third, an orientational order parameter and the corresponding correlation function are calculated to describe the evolution of the disorder as a function of applied magnetic field. The influence of sources of artifacts such as geometric distortions and large defoci are also discussed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d383572fbb9b45d693c09f776521c45d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-d383572fbb9b45d693c09f776521c45d2025-01-05T12:28:21ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-05-0114111010.1038/s41598-024-62873-8Geometric phase analysis of magnetic skyrmion lattices in Lorentz transmission electron microscopy imagesThibaud Denneulin0András Kovács1Raluca Boltje2Nikolai S. Kiselev3Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski4Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum JülichErnst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum JülichErnst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum JülichPeter Grünberg Institute and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARAErnst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum JülichAbstract Magnetic skyrmions are quasi-particles with a swirling spin texture that form two-dimensional lattices. Skyrmion lattices can exhibit defects in response to geometric constraints, variations of temperature or applied magnetic fields. Measuring deformations in skyrmion lattices is important to understand the interplay between the lattice structure and external influences. Geometric phase analysis (GPA) is a Fourier-based image processing method that is used to measure deformation fields in high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of crystalline materials. Here, we show that GPA can be applied quantitatively to Lorentz TEM images of two-dimensional skyrmion lattices obtained from a chiral magnet of FeGe. First, GPA is used to map deformation fields around a 5–7 dislocation and the results are compared with the linear theory of elasticity. Second, rotation angles between skyrmion crystal grains are measured and compared with angles calculated from the density of dislocations. Third, an orientational order parameter and the corresponding correlation function are calculated to describe the evolution of the disorder as a function of applied magnetic field. The influence of sources of artifacts such as geometric distortions and large defoci are also discussed.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62873-8Magnetic skyrmionsLorentz TEMGeometric phase analysisDeformations |
| spellingShingle | Thibaud Denneulin András Kovács Raluca Boltje Nikolai S. Kiselev Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski Geometric phase analysis of magnetic skyrmion lattices in Lorentz transmission electron microscopy images Scientific Reports Magnetic skyrmions Lorentz TEM Geometric phase analysis Deformations |
| title | Geometric phase analysis of magnetic skyrmion lattices in Lorentz transmission electron microscopy images |
| title_full | Geometric phase analysis of magnetic skyrmion lattices in Lorentz transmission electron microscopy images |
| title_fullStr | Geometric phase analysis of magnetic skyrmion lattices in Lorentz transmission electron microscopy images |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geometric phase analysis of magnetic skyrmion lattices in Lorentz transmission electron microscopy images |
| title_short | Geometric phase analysis of magnetic skyrmion lattices in Lorentz transmission electron microscopy images |
| title_sort | geometric phase analysis of magnetic skyrmion lattices in lorentz transmission electron microscopy images |
| topic | Magnetic skyrmions Lorentz TEM Geometric phase analysis Deformations |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62873-8 |
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