Methods for Detection, Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Exopolysaccharides of Lactic Acid Bacteria—A Systematic Review
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are large-molecular-weight, complex carbohydrate molecules and extracellularly secreted bio-polymers released by many microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB are well known for their ability to produce a wide range of EPSs, which has received major attenti...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Foods |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/22/3687 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1846153544149762048 |
|---|---|
| author | Manoj Kumar Yadav Ji Hoon Song Robie Vasquez Jae Seung Lee In Ho Kim Dae-Kyung Kang |
| author_facet | Manoj Kumar Yadav Ji Hoon Song Robie Vasquez Jae Seung Lee In Ho Kim Dae-Kyung Kang |
| author_sort | Manoj Kumar Yadav |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are large-molecular-weight, complex carbohydrate molecules and extracellularly secreted bio-polymers released by many microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB are well known for their ability to produce a wide range of EPSs, which has received major attention. LAB-EPSs have the potential to improve health, and their applications are in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Several methods have been developed and optimized in recent years for producing, extracting, purifying, and characterizing LAB-produced EPSs. The simplest method of evaluating the production of EPSs is to observe morphological features, such as ropy and mucoid appearances of colonies. Ethanol precipitation is widely used to extract the EPSs from the cell-free supernatant and is generally purified using dialysis. The most commonly used method to quantify the carbohydrate content is phenol–sulfuric acid. The structural characteristics of EPSs are identified via Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The molecular weight and composition of monosaccharides are determined through size-exclusion chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The surface morphology of EPSs is observed via scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, whereas thermal characteristics are determined through thermogravimetry analysis, derivative thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. In the present review, we discuss the different existing methods used for the detailed study of LAB-produced EPSs, which provide a comprehensive guide on LAB-EPS preparation, critically evaluating methods, addressing knowledge gaps and key challenges, and offering solutions to enhance reproducibility, scalability, and support for both research and industrial applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d30cc069b41f4c2880d2848058c1af1a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-d30cc069b41f4c2880d2848058c1af1a2024-11-26T18:04:49ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-11-011322368710.3390/foods13223687Methods for Detection, Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Exopolysaccharides of Lactic Acid Bacteria—A Systematic ReviewManoj Kumar Yadav0Ji Hoon Song1Robie Vasquez2Jae Seung Lee3In Ho Kim4Dae-Kyung Kang5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of KoreaExopolysaccharides (EPSs) are large-molecular-weight, complex carbohydrate molecules and extracellularly secreted bio-polymers released by many microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB are well known for their ability to produce a wide range of EPSs, which has received major attention. LAB-EPSs have the potential to improve health, and their applications are in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Several methods have been developed and optimized in recent years for producing, extracting, purifying, and characterizing LAB-produced EPSs. The simplest method of evaluating the production of EPSs is to observe morphological features, such as ropy and mucoid appearances of colonies. Ethanol precipitation is widely used to extract the EPSs from the cell-free supernatant and is generally purified using dialysis. The most commonly used method to quantify the carbohydrate content is phenol–sulfuric acid. The structural characteristics of EPSs are identified via Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The molecular weight and composition of monosaccharides are determined through size-exclusion chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The surface morphology of EPSs is observed via scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, whereas thermal characteristics are determined through thermogravimetry analysis, derivative thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. In the present review, we discuss the different existing methods used for the detailed study of LAB-produced EPSs, which provide a comprehensive guide on LAB-EPS preparation, critically evaluating methods, addressing knowledge gaps and key challenges, and offering solutions to enhance reproducibility, scalability, and support for both research and industrial applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/22/3687characterizationexopolysaccharideslactic acid bacteriapurificationstructure |
| spellingShingle | Manoj Kumar Yadav Ji Hoon Song Robie Vasquez Jae Seung Lee In Ho Kim Dae-Kyung Kang Methods for Detection, Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Exopolysaccharides of Lactic Acid Bacteria—A Systematic Review Foods characterization exopolysaccharides lactic acid bacteria purification structure |
| title | Methods for Detection, Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Exopolysaccharides of Lactic Acid Bacteria—A Systematic Review |
| title_full | Methods for Detection, Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Exopolysaccharides of Lactic Acid Bacteria—A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Methods for Detection, Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Exopolysaccharides of Lactic Acid Bacteria—A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Methods for Detection, Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Exopolysaccharides of Lactic Acid Bacteria—A Systematic Review |
| title_short | Methods for Detection, Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Exopolysaccharides of Lactic Acid Bacteria—A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | methods for detection extraction purification and characterization of exopolysaccharides of lactic acid bacteria a systematic review |
| topic | characterization exopolysaccharides lactic acid bacteria purification structure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/22/3687 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT manojkumaryadav methodsfordetectionextractionpurificationandcharacterizationofexopolysaccharidesoflacticacidbacteriaasystematicreview AT jihoonsong methodsfordetectionextractionpurificationandcharacterizationofexopolysaccharidesoflacticacidbacteriaasystematicreview AT robievasquez methodsfordetectionextractionpurificationandcharacterizationofexopolysaccharidesoflacticacidbacteriaasystematicreview AT jaeseunglee methodsfordetectionextractionpurificationandcharacterizationofexopolysaccharidesoflacticacidbacteriaasystematicreview AT inhokim methodsfordetectionextractionpurificationandcharacterizationofexopolysaccharidesoflacticacidbacteriaasystematicreview AT daekyungkang methodsfordetectionextractionpurificationandcharacterizationofexopolysaccharidesoflacticacidbacteriaasystematicreview |