High Data-Rate Hilbert-Curved-Shaped MIMO Antenna With Improved Bandwidth and Circular Polarization for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy
The growing demand for wireless communication in biomedical engineering has opened new research frontiers. This paper introduces an innovative miniaturized (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 9$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm<sup>2</sup&g...
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| Format: | Article |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10778433/ |
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| author | Syed Misbah Un Noor Syed Ahson Ali Shah Shahid Khan Izaz Ali Shah Jamal Nasir Salahuddin Khan Slawomir Koziel |
| author_facet | Syed Misbah Un Noor Syed Ahson Ali Shah Shahid Khan Izaz Ali Shah Jamal Nasir Salahuddin Khan Slawomir Koziel |
| author_sort | Syed Misbah Un Noor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The growing demand for wireless communication in biomedical engineering has opened new research frontiers. This paper introduces an innovative miniaturized (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 9$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm<sup>2</sup>) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) circularly polarized (CP) implantable antenna for a wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) system. The presented device features two Hilbert curve-shaped meandered resonators. The space-filling characteristic inherent in the Hilbert curve contributes to miniaturization and bandwidth enhancement of up to 250 MHz to cover possible detuning between diverse organs. Simultaneously, employing the curve’s inherent natural symmetry and adopting an orthogonal port arrangement led to a noteworthy improvement in isolation up to 27 dB with an enhanced gain of −27.9 dBi. Comprehensive simulation analysis of antenna-integrated WCE systems in homogeneous and hetrogenous environments is conducted in the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Without the need for an external decoupling structure, the system demonstrated good MIMO characteristics with isolation of 27 dB. A fabricated prototype has been tested in a saline solution and minced pork. A good match between the measured and simulated results has been observed. At both ports, the axial ratio (<3 dB) covers part of the ISM band in the homogeneous stomach, small intestine, and large intestine phantoms. Additionally, a safety assessment, employing a realistic human model, aligns findings with established safety guidelines, revealing average specific absorption rates of 543 W/kg (1 g) and 58.6 W/kg (10 g) at 2.45 GHz. Moreover, link budget analysis confirms reliable wireless data transmission up to 1.8 m at 78 Mbps. The proposed MIMO antenna, with its superb dominant characteristics, outperforms leading state-of-the-art endoscopic antennas, offering promising advancements for capsule endoscopy systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d3047b8e5d9c472b95afed8be2cd2220 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-d3047b8e5d9c472b95afed8be2cd22202025-01-10T00:02:47ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-01132876288910.1109/ACCESS.2024.351161710778433High Data-Rate Hilbert-Curved-Shaped MIMO Antenna With Improved Bandwidth and Circular Polarization for Wireless Capsule EndoscopySyed Misbah Un Noor0Syed Ahson Ali Shah1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9067-4807Shahid Khan2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-0928Izaz Ali Shah3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8297-3863Jamal Nasir4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6020-2259Salahuddin Khan5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6082-3418Slawomir Koziel6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9063-2647Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, PakistanGraduate School of Energy Convergence, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South KoreaFaculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, PakistanCollege of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, PolandThe growing demand for wireless communication in biomedical engineering has opened new research frontiers. This paper introduces an innovative miniaturized (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 9$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm<sup>2</sup>) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) circularly polarized (CP) implantable antenna for a wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) system. The presented device features two Hilbert curve-shaped meandered resonators. The space-filling characteristic inherent in the Hilbert curve contributes to miniaturization and bandwidth enhancement of up to 250 MHz to cover possible detuning between diverse organs. Simultaneously, employing the curve’s inherent natural symmetry and adopting an orthogonal port arrangement led to a noteworthy improvement in isolation up to 27 dB with an enhanced gain of −27.9 dBi. Comprehensive simulation analysis of antenna-integrated WCE systems in homogeneous and hetrogenous environments is conducted in the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Without the need for an external decoupling structure, the system demonstrated good MIMO characteristics with isolation of 27 dB. A fabricated prototype has been tested in a saline solution and minced pork. A good match between the measured and simulated results has been observed. At both ports, the axial ratio (<3 dB) covers part of the ISM band in the homogeneous stomach, small intestine, and large intestine phantoms. Additionally, a safety assessment, employing a realistic human model, aligns findings with established safety guidelines, revealing average specific absorption rates of 543 W/kg (1 g) and 58.6 W/kg (10 g) at 2.45 GHz. Moreover, link budget analysis confirms reliable wireless data transmission up to 1.8 m at 78 Mbps. The proposed MIMO antenna, with its superb dominant characteristics, outperforms leading state-of-the-art endoscopic antennas, offering promising advancements for capsule endoscopy systems.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10778433/MIMO antennaendoscopic antennahigh data ratebiomedical antennaHilbert |
| spellingShingle | Syed Misbah Un Noor Syed Ahson Ali Shah Shahid Khan Izaz Ali Shah Jamal Nasir Salahuddin Khan Slawomir Koziel High Data-Rate Hilbert-Curved-Shaped MIMO Antenna With Improved Bandwidth and Circular Polarization for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy IEEE Access MIMO antenna endoscopic antenna high data rate biomedical antenna Hilbert |
| title | High Data-Rate Hilbert-Curved-Shaped MIMO Antenna With Improved Bandwidth and Circular Polarization for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy |
| title_full | High Data-Rate Hilbert-Curved-Shaped MIMO Antenna With Improved Bandwidth and Circular Polarization for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy |
| title_fullStr | High Data-Rate Hilbert-Curved-Shaped MIMO Antenna With Improved Bandwidth and Circular Polarization for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | High Data-Rate Hilbert-Curved-Shaped MIMO Antenna With Improved Bandwidth and Circular Polarization for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy |
| title_short | High Data-Rate Hilbert-Curved-Shaped MIMO Antenna With Improved Bandwidth and Circular Polarization for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy |
| title_sort | high data rate hilbert curved shaped mimo antenna with improved bandwidth and circular polarization for wireless capsule endoscopy |
| topic | MIMO antenna endoscopic antenna high data rate biomedical antenna Hilbert |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10778433/ |
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