Correlation of Eight (8) Polymorphisms and Their Genotypes with the Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in a Black Elderly Population
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study correlated eight SNPs with the risk factors of CVD in a black elderly population. Genotyping was used to detect eight polymorphisms; rs675 (ApoA-IV), rs699 (Angiotensinogen...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Joseph Musonda Chalwe Christa Johanna Grobler Wilna Hendrika Oldewage-Theron |
| author_facet | Joseph Musonda Chalwe Christa Johanna Grobler Wilna Hendrika Oldewage-Theron |
| author_sort | Joseph Musonda Chalwe |
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| description | Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study correlated eight SNPs with the risk factors of CVD in a black elderly population. Genotyping was used to detect eight polymorphisms; rs675 (ApoA-IV), rs699 (Angiotensinogen (AGT)), rs247616 and rs1968905 (Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)), rs1801278 (Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1)), rs1805087 (Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)) and rs28362286 and rs67608943 (Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)), as well as their genotypes in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from peripheral blood. The cardiovascular risk (CVR) measurements were conducted on a Konelab 20i Thermo Scientific autoanalyzer and an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) assay. International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)<sup>®</sup> Statistical Package for the Social Sciences <sup>®</sup> (SPSS) version 28 was used for statistical analysis. The heterozygous and homozygous genotypes of the eight polymorphisms were detected with the corresponding CVD risk factors. Subgroup analysis indicated that certain genotype carriers exhibited variations in their concentrations of CVR factors compared to others; however, these differences did not reach statistical significance. For example, carriers of the G genotype of the rs699 polymorphism showed marginally different blood pressure readings compared to the AG genotype carriers. The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the only significant association was between PCSK9 and the rs28362286 (<i>p</i> = 0.029) polymorphism. The findings of our study show that single nucleotide polymorphisms are disseminated across the human genome. The heterozygous and homozygous genotypes of the SNPs require further investigation as they may have independent and possible collective roles in increasing the risk of CVDs. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-d2949c97fb534b42b5584bd5240c10ca2024-11-26T17:57:59ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452024-11-014611126941270310.3390/cimb46110753Correlation of Eight (8) Polymorphisms and Their Genotypes with the Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in a Black Elderly PopulationJoseph Musonda Chalwe0Christa Johanna Grobler1Wilna Hendrika Oldewage-Theron2Department of Health Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South AfricaDepartment of Health Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South AfricaDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX 79409, USASingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study correlated eight SNPs with the risk factors of CVD in a black elderly population. Genotyping was used to detect eight polymorphisms; rs675 (ApoA-IV), rs699 (Angiotensinogen (AGT)), rs247616 and rs1968905 (Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)), rs1801278 (Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1)), rs1805087 (Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)) and rs28362286 and rs67608943 (Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)), as well as their genotypes in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from peripheral blood. The cardiovascular risk (CVR) measurements were conducted on a Konelab 20i Thermo Scientific autoanalyzer and an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) assay. International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)<sup>®</sup> Statistical Package for the Social Sciences <sup>®</sup> (SPSS) version 28 was used for statistical analysis. The heterozygous and homozygous genotypes of the eight polymorphisms were detected with the corresponding CVD risk factors. Subgroup analysis indicated that certain genotype carriers exhibited variations in their concentrations of CVR factors compared to others; however, these differences did not reach statistical significance. For example, carriers of the G genotype of the rs699 polymorphism showed marginally different blood pressure readings compared to the AG genotype carriers. The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the only significant association was between PCSK9 and the rs28362286 (<i>p</i> = 0.029) polymorphism. The findings of our study show that single nucleotide polymorphisms are disseminated across the human genome. The heterozygous and homozygous genotypes of the SNPs require further investigation as they may have independent and possible collective roles in increasing the risk of CVDs.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/11/753polymorphismsmolecular levelbiomarkerscardiovascular diseasesSouth Africa |
| spellingShingle | Joseph Musonda Chalwe Christa Johanna Grobler Wilna Hendrika Oldewage-Theron Correlation of Eight (8) Polymorphisms and Their Genotypes with the Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in a Black Elderly Population Current Issues in Molecular Biology polymorphisms molecular level biomarkers cardiovascular diseases South Africa |
| title | Correlation of Eight (8) Polymorphisms and Their Genotypes with the Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in a Black Elderly Population |
| title_full | Correlation of Eight (8) Polymorphisms and Their Genotypes with the Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in a Black Elderly Population |
| title_fullStr | Correlation of Eight (8) Polymorphisms and Their Genotypes with the Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in a Black Elderly Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Correlation of Eight (8) Polymorphisms and Their Genotypes with the Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in a Black Elderly Population |
| title_short | Correlation of Eight (8) Polymorphisms and Their Genotypes with the Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in a Black Elderly Population |
| title_sort | correlation of eight 8 polymorphisms and their genotypes with the risk factors of cardiovascular disease in a black elderly population |
| topic | polymorphisms molecular level biomarkers cardiovascular diseases South Africa |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/11/753 |
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