Effects of Finishing on Surface Roughness of Four Different Glass-Ionomer Cements and One Alkasite: In Vitro Investigation over Time Using Aging Simulation
In 2017, Europe implemented a ban on amalgam restorations for children aged <15 years and for pregnant/breastfeeding women, highlighting the need for alternative filling materials exhibiting less surface roughness and enhanced longevity. This in vitro study aimed to examine the surface roughness...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/325 |
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| author | Alexander Behlau Isabelle Behlau Michael Payer Gerd Leitinger Katharina Hanscho Lumnije Kqiku Karl Glockner |
| author_facet | Alexander Behlau Isabelle Behlau Michael Payer Gerd Leitinger Katharina Hanscho Lumnije Kqiku Karl Glockner |
| author_sort | Alexander Behlau |
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| description | In 2017, Europe implemented a ban on amalgam restorations for children aged <15 years and for pregnant/breastfeeding women, highlighting the need for alternative filling materials exhibiting less surface roughness and enhanced longevity. This in vitro study aimed to examine the surface roughness variations of five amalgam-replacement materials across three time points and using six finishing methods: (1) no finishing (control), (2) Arkansas burs, (3) diamond burs, (4) tungsten carbide burs, (5) SofLex discs in descending grit size, and (6) coarse SofLex discs combined with silicone polishing. We prepared 960 samples. Each material group, i.e., Cention Forte (CNF), DeltaFil (DLF), Ketac Universal (KTU), IonoStar Molar (ISM), and Equia Forte HT (EQF), comprised 60 samples (n = 10 per finishing method) created using standardized 3D-printed metal molds. Surface roughness (Sa) was measured immediately after finishing, after 30 days of storage in distilled water, and after thermocycling (5000 cycles) using a non-contact profilometer. The results indicate that conventional and hybrid glass-ionomer cements have smoother surfaces than high-viscosity GICs. The DLF and CNF groups exhibited stable outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate finishing methods based on the restorative material to minimize surface roughness. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d26c891e2de449b7a31288f0a1d89ca6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-d26c891e2de449b7a31288f0a1d89ca62024-11-26T18:07:30ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832024-10-01151132510.3390/jfb15110325Effects of Finishing on Surface Roughness of Four Different Glass-Ionomer Cements and One Alkasite: In Vitro Investigation over Time Using Aging SimulationAlexander Behlau0Isabelle Behlau1Michael Payer2Gerd Leitinger3Katharina Hanscho4Lumnije Kqiku5Karl Glockner6Division of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Prosthodontics, Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, AustriaDepartment of Psychology, Bundeswehr University Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, GermanyDivision of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, AustriaDivision of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Research Unit Electron Microscopic Techniques, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, AustriaDivision of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Prosthodontics, Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, AustriaDivision of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Prosthodontics, Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, AustriaDivision of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Prosthodontics, Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, AustriaIn 2017, Europe implemented a ban on amalgam restorations for children aged <15 years and for pregnant/breastfeeding women, highlighting the need for alternative filling materials exhibiting less surface roughness and enhanced longevity. This in vitro study aimed to examine the surface roughness variations of five amalgam-replacement materials across three time points and using six finishing methods: (1) no finishing (control), (2) Arkansas burs, (3) diamond burs, (4) tungsten carbide burs, (5) SofLex discs in descending grit size, and (6) coarse SofLex discs combined with silicone polishing. We prepared 960 samples. Each material group, i.e., Cention Forte (CNF), DeltaFil (DLF), Ketac Universal (KTU), IonoStar Molar (ISM), and Equia Forte HT (EQF), comprised 60 samples (n = 10 per finishing method) created using standardized 3D-printed metal molds. Surface roughness (Sa) was measured immediately after finishing, after 30 days of storage in distilled water, and after thermocycling (5000 cycles) using a non-contact profilometer. The results indicate that conventional and hybrid glass-ionomer cements have smoother surfaces than high-viscosity GICs. The DLF and CNF groups exhibited stable outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate finishing methods based on the restorative material to minimize surface roughness.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/325amalgam-replacement materialsoptical surface measurementEuropean amalgam bannon-contact profilometersurface roughness |
| spellingShingle | Alexander Behlau Isabelle Behlau Michael Payer Gerd Leitinger Katharina Hanscho Lumnije Kqiku Karl Glockner Effects of Finishing on Surface Roughness of Four Different Glass-Ionomer Cements and One Alkasite: In Vitro Investigation over Time Using Aging Simulation Journal of Functional Biomaterials amalgam-replacement materials optical surface measurement European amalgam ban non-contact profilometer surface roughness |
| title | Effects of Finishing on Surface Roughness of Four Different Glass-Ionomer Cements and One Alkasite: In Vitro Investigation over Time Using Aging Simulation |
| title_full | Effects of Finishing on Surface Roughness of Four Different Glass-Ionomer Cements and One Alkasite: In Vitro Investigation over Time Using Aging Simulation |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Finishing on Surface Roughness of Four Different Glass-Ionomer Cements and One Alkasite: In Vitro Investigation over Time Using Aging Simulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Finishing on Surface Roughness of Four Different Glass-Ionomer Cements and One Alkasite: In Vitro Investigation over Time Using Aging Simulation |
| title_short | Effects of Finishing on Surface Roughness of Four Different Glass-Ionomer Cements and One Alkasite: In Vitro Investigation over Time Using Aging Simulation |
| title_sort | effects of finishing on surface roughness of four different glass ionomer cements and one alkasite in vitro investigation over time using aging simulation |
| topic | amalgam-replacement materials optical surface measurement European amalgam ban non-contact profilometer surface roughness |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/325 |
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