Goat seropositivity as an indicator of Rift Valley fever (RVF) infection in human populations: A case-control study of the 2018 Rift Valley fever outbreak in Wajir County, Kenya
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral zoonosis, which is considered as a threat to food security in the Horn of Africa. In Kenya, RVF is the 5th ranked priority zoonotic disease due to its high morbidity and mortality, frequent outbreak events, and associated socioeconomic impacts during outbreak event...
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771424002477 |
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| author | Ruth Omani Lisa Cavalerie Abukar Daud Elizabeth A.J. Cook Erenius Nakadio Eric M. Fèvre George Gitao Jude Robinson Mark Nanyingi Matthew Baylis Peter Kimeli Joshua Onono |
| author_facet | Ruth Omani Lisa Cavalerie Abukar Daud Elizabeth A.J. Cook Erenius Nakadio Eric M. Fèvre George Gitao Jude Robinson Mark Nanyingi Matthew Baylis Peter Kimeli Joshua Onono |
| author_sort | Ruth Omani |
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| description | Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral zoonosis, which is considered as a threat to food security in the Horn of Africa. In Kenya, RVF is the 5th ranked priority zoonotic disease due to its high morbidity and mortality, frequent outbreak events, and associated socioeconomic impacts during outbreak events. In 2018, an RVF outbreak was confirmed in Kenya's Siaya, Wajir, and Marsabit counties. During this outbreak, 30 people were confirmed infected with RVF through laboratory tests; 21 in Wajir, 8 in Marsabit, and 1 in Siaya Counties.Seventy-five (75) households (15 cases and 60 controls) were selected and interviewed using a case-control study design in 2021 (?). A case was a household with a member who was diagnosed with RVF in 2018. In addition, a total of 1029 animals were purposively selected within these households and serologically tested for RVF. The study aimed to estimate the contribution of various risk factors to RVF human occurrence in Kenya with a special focus on Wajir County. Wajir County was chosen due to high number of confirmed human cases reported in the 2018 outbreak. A univariable regression model revealed that owner-reported RVF virus exposure in livestock significantly increased the odds of an RVF human case in the household by 32.7 times (95 % CI 4.0–267.4). The respondent being linked to a goat flock that was IgG-positive increased the odds of an RVF human case by 3.8 times (95 % CI 1.17–12.3). In the final multivariable analysis, the respondent being linked to their own animals affected by RVF increased odds of having an RVF human case in the household by 56.9 times (95 % CI 4.6–700.4), while the respondent being linked to a neighbor household member affected decreased odds of having a RVF human case by 0.1 times (95 % CI 0.08–0.75).In summary, these results have revealed a potential link for the spread of RVF infection from animals to humans in pastoralist households, hence it is critical to carry out targeted, community education, One Health surveillance, prevention, and control measures against the disease. This will be critical to protecting humans against potential spillovers of infections during outbreak events in livestock. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d205799143874e7da93df643b1b42d60 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2352-7714 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | One Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-d205799143874e7da93df643b1b42d602024-12-18T08:49:31ZengElsevierOne Health2352-77142024-12-0119100921Goat seropositivity as an indicator of Rift Valley fever (RVF) infection in human populations: A case-control study of the 2018 Rift Valley fever outbreak in Wajir County, KenyaRuth Omani0Lisa Cavalerie1Abukar Daud2Elizabeth A.J. Cook3Erenius Nakadio4Eric M. Fèvre5George Gitao6Jude Robinson7Mark Nanyingi8Matthew Baylis9Peter Kimeli10Joshua Onono11International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, P.O. Box 30709-00100, Kenya; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Corresponding author.University of Liverpool, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, P.O. Box 5689, EthiopiaCounty Department of Agriculture, Livestock & Fisheries, Wajir County Government, KenyaInternational Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, P.O. Box 30709-00100, KenyaInternational Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, P.O. Box 30709-00100, Kenya; Directorate of Veterinary Services, Turkana County Government, KenyaInternational Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, P.O. Box 30709-00100, Kenya; University of Liverpool, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool L69 3BX, UKDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box, 29053, Kangemi, KenyaUniversity of Glasgow School of Social and Political Sciences, 42 Bute Gardens, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RT, UKInternational Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, P.O. Box 30709-00100, Kenya; University of Liverpool, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool L69 3BX, UKUniversity of Liverpool, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool L69 3BX, UKDepartment of Clinical Studies, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box, 29053, Kangemi, KenyaDepartment of Public Health Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box, 29053, Kangemi, KenyaRift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral zoonosis, which is considered as a threat to food security in the Horn of Africa. In Kenya, RVF is the 5th ranked priority zoonotic disease due to its high morbidity and mortality, frequent outbreak events, and associated socioeconomic impacts during outbreak events. In 2018, an RVF outbreak was confirmed in Kenya's Siaya, Wajir, and Marsabit counties. During this outbreak, 30 people were confirmed infected with RVF through laboratory tests; 21 in Wajir, 8 in Marsabit, and 1 in Siaya Counties.Seventy-five (75) households (15 cases and 60 controls) were selected and interviewed using a case-control study design in 2021 (?). A case was a household with a member who was diagnosed with RVF in 2018. In addition, a total of 1029 animals were purposively selected within these households and serologically tested for RVF. The study aimed to estimate the contribution of various risk factors to RVF human occurrence in Kenya with a special focus on Wajir County. Wajir County was chosen due to high number of confirmed human cases reported in the 2018 outbreak. A univariable regression model revealed that owner-reported RVF virus exposure in livestock significantly increased the odds of an RVF human case in the household by 32.7 times (95 % CI 4.0–267.4). The respondent being linked to a goat flock that was IgG-positive increased the odds of an RVF human case by 3.8 times (95 % CI 1.17–12.3). In the final multivariable analysis, the respondent being linked to their own animals affected by RVF increased odds of having an RVF human case in the household by 56.9 times (95 % CI 4.6–700.4), while the respondent being linked to a neighbor household member affected decreased odds of having a RVF human case by 0.1 times (95 % CI 0.08–0.75).In summary, these results have revealed a potential link for the spread of RVF infection from animals to humans in pastoralist households, hence it is critical to carry out targeted, community education, One Health surveillance, prevention, and control measures against the disease. This will be critical to protecting humans against potential spillovers of infections during outbreak events in livestock.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771424002477Rift Valley fever (RVF)KenyaSerologyPrevalenceIgGIgM |
| spellingShingle | Ruth Omani Lisa Cavalerie Abukar Daud Elizabeth A.J. Cook Erenius Nakadio Eric M. Fèvre George Gitao Jude Robinson Mark Nanyingi Matthew Baylis Peter Kimeli Joshua Onono Goat seropositivity as an indicator of Rift Valley fever (RVF) infection in human populations: A case-control study of the 2018 Rift Valley fever outbreak in Wajir County, Kenya One Health Rift Valley fever (RVF) Kenya Serology Prevalence IgG IgM |
| title | Goat seropositivity as an indicator of Rift Valley fever (RVF) infection in human populations: A case-control study of the 2018 Rift Valley fever outbreak in Wajir County, Kenya |
| title_full | Goat seropositivity as an indicator of Rift Valley fever (RVF) infection in human populations: A case-control study of the 2018 Rift Valley fever outbreak in Wajir County, Kenya |
| title_fullStr | Goat seropositivity as an indicator of Rift Valley fever (RVF) infection in human populations: A case-control study of the 2018 Rift Valley fever outbreak in Wajir County, Kenya |
| title_full_unstemmed | Goat seropositivity as an indicator of Rift Valley fever (RVF) infection in human populations: A case-control study of the 2018 Rift Valley fever outbreak in Wajir County, Kenya |
| title_short | Goat seropositivity as an indicator of Rift Valley fever (RVF) infection in human populations: A case-control study of the 2018 Rift Valley fever outbreak in Wajir County, Kenya |
| title_sort | goat seropositivity as an indicator of rift valley fever rvf infection in human populations a case control study of the 2018 rift valley fever outbreak in wajir county kenya |
| topic | Rift Valley fever (RVF) Kenya Serology Prevalence IgG IgM |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771424002477 |
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