ALE reveals a surprising link between [Fe-S] cluster formation, tryptophan biosynthesis and the potential regulatory protein TrpP in Corynebacterium glutamicum

Abstract Background The establishment of synthetic microbial communities comprising complementary auxotrophic strains requires efficient transport processes for common goods. With external supplementation of the required metabolite, most auxotrophic strains reach wild-type level growth. One exceptio...

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Main Authors: Rico Zuchowski, Simone Schito, Christina Mack, Astrid Wirtz, Michael Bott, Tino Polen, Stephan Noack, Meike Baumgart
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Microbiology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-03939-z
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author Rico Zuchowski
Simone Schito
Christina Mack
Astrid Wirtz
Michael Bott
Tino Polen
Stephan Noack
Meike Baumgart
author_facet Rico Zuchowski
Simone Schito
Christina Mack
Astrid Wirtz
Michael Bott
Tino Polen
Stephan Noack
Meike Baumgart
author_sort Rico Zuchowski
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The establishment of synthetic microbial communities comprising complementary auxotrophic strains requires efficient transport processes for common goods. With external supplementation of the required metabolite, most auxotrophic strains reach wild-type level growth. One exception was the l-trypton auxotrophic strain phaCorynebacterium glutamicum ΔTRP ΔtrpP, which grew 35% slower than the wild type in supplemented defined media. C. glutamicum ΔTRP ΔtrpP lacks the whole l-tryptophan biosynthesis cluster (TRP, cg3359-cg3364) as well as the putative l-tryptophan transporter TrpP (Cg3357). We wanted to explore the role of TrpP in l-tryptophan transport, metabolism or regulation and to elucidate the cause of growth limitation despite supplementation. Results Mutants lacking either TRP or trpP revealed that the growth defect was caused solely by trpP deletion, whereas l-tryptophan auxotrophy was caused only by TRP deletion. Notably, not only the deletion but also the overexpression of trpP in an l-tryptophan producer increased the final l-tryptophan titer, arguing against a transport function of TrpP. A transcriptome comparison of C. glutamicum ΔtrpP with the wild type showed alterations in the regulon of WhcA, that contains an [Fe-S] cluster. Through evolution-guided metabolic engineering, we discovered that inactivation of SufR (Cg1765) partially complemented the growth defect caused by ΔtrpP. SufR is the transcriptional repressor of the suf operon (cg1764-cg1759), which encodes the only system of C. glutamicum for iron‒sulfur cluster formation and repair. Finally, we discovered that the combined deletion of trpP and sufR increased l-tryptophan production by almost 3-fold in comparison with the parental strain without the deletions. Conclusions On the basis of our results, we exclude the possibility that TrpP is an l-tryptophan transporter. TrpP presence influences [Fe-S] cluster formation or repair, presumably through a regulatory function via direct interaction with another protein. [Fe-S] cluster availability influences not only certain enzymes but also targets of the WhiB-family regulator WhcA, which is involved in oxidative stress response. The reduced growth of WT ΔtrpP is likely caused by the reduced activity of [Fe-S]-cluster-containing enzymes involved in central metabolism, such as aconitase or succinate: menaquinone oxidoreductase. In summary, we identified a very interesting link between l-tryptophan biosynthesis and iron sulfur cluster formation that is relevant for l-tryptophan production. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
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spelling doaj-art-d1fb5d6d0ffb44a7a01c4b96d7a2a1d22025-08-20T03:18:42ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802025-04-0125112010.1186/s12866-025-03939-zALE reveals a surprising link between [Fe-S] cluster formation, tryptophan biosynthesis and the potential regulatory protein TrpP in Corynebacterium glutamicumRico Zuchowski0Simone Schito1Christina Mack2Astrid Wirtz3Michael Bott4Tino Polen5Stephan Noack6Meike Baumgart7Institut für Bio- und GeowissenschaftenInstitut für Bio- und GeowissenschaftenInstitut für Bio- und GeowissenschaftenInstitut für Bio- und GeowissenschaftenInstitut für Bio- und GeowissenschaftenInstitut für Bio- und GeowissenschaftenInstitut für Bio- und GeowissenschaftenInstitut für Bio- und GeowissenschaftenAbstract Background The establishment of synthetic microbial communities comprising complementary auxotrophic strains requires efficient transport processes for common goods. With external supplementation of the required metabolite, most auxotrophic strains reach wild-type level growth. One exception was the l-trypton auxotrophic strain phaCorynebacterium glutamicum ΔTRP ΔtrpP, which grew 35% slower than the wild type in supplemented defined media. C. glutamicum ΔTRP ΔtrpP lacks the whole l-tryptophan biosynthesis cluster (TRP, cg3359-cg3364) as well as the putative l-tryptophan transporter TrpP (Cg3357). We wanted to explore the role of TrpP in l-tryptophan transport, metabolism or regulation and to elucidate the cause of growth limitation despite supplementation. Results Mutants lacking either TRP or trpP revealed that the growth defect was caused solely by trpP deletion, whereas l-tryptophan auxotrophy was caused only by TRP deletion. Notably, not only the deletion but also the overexpression of trpP in an l-tryptophan producer increased the final l-tryptophan titer, arguing against a transport function of TrpP. A transcriptome comparison of C. glutamicum ΔtrpP with the wild type showed alterations in the regulon of WhcA, that contains an [Fe-S] cluster. Through evolution-guided metabolic engineering, we discovered that inactivation of SufR (Cg1765) partially complemented the growth defect caused by ΔtrpP. SufR is the transcriptional repressor of the suf operon (cg1764-cg1759), which encodes the only system of C. glutamicum for iron‒sulfur cluster formation and repair. Finally, we discovered that the combined deletion of trpP and sufR increased l-tryptophan production by almost 3-fold in comparison with the parental strain without the deletions. Conclusions On the basis of our results, we exclude the possibility that TrpP is an l-tryptophan transporter. TrpP presence influences [Fe-S] cluster formation or repair, presumably through a regulatory function via direct interaction with another protein. [Fe-S] cluster availability influences not only certain enzymes but also targets of the WhiB-family regulator WhcA, which is involved in oxidative stress response. The reduced growth of WT ΔtrpP is likely caused by the reduced activity of [Fe-S]-cluster-containing enzymes involved in central metabolism, such as aconitase or succinate: menaquinone oxidoreductase. In summary, we identified a very interesting link between l-tryptophan biosynthesis and iron sulfur cluster formation that is relevant for l-tryptophan production. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-03939-zTryptophanSuf operonSufRCorynebacterium glutamicumAuxotrophy[Fe-S] cluster
spellingShingle Rico Zuchowski
Simone Schito
Christina Mack
Astrid Wirtz
Michael Bott
Tino Polen
Stephan Noack
Meike Baumgart
ALE reveals a surprising link between [Fe-S] cluster formation, tryptophan biosynthesis and the potential regulatory protein TrpP in Corynebacterium glutamicum
BMC Microbiology
Tryptophan
Suf operon
SufR
Corynebacterium glutamicum
Auxotrophy
[Fe-S] cluster
title ALE reveals a surprising link between [Fe-S] cluster formation, tryptophan biosynthesis and the potential regulatory protein TrpP in Corynebacterium glutamicum
title_full ALE reveals a surprising link between [Fe-S] cluster formation, tryptophan biosynthesis and the potential regulatory protein TrpP in Corynebacterium glutamicum
title_fullStr ALE reveals a surprising link between [Fe-S] cluster formation, tryptophan biosynthesis and the potential regulatory protein TrpP in Corynebacterium glutamicum
title_full_unstemmed ALE reveals a surprising link between [Fe-S] cluster formation, tryptophan biosynthesis and the potential regulatory protein TrpP in Corynebacterium glutamicum
title_short ALE reveals a surprising link between [Fe-S] cluster formation, tryptophan biosynthesis and the potential regulatory protein TrpP in Corynebacterium glutamicum
title_sort ale reveals a surprising link between fe s cluster formation tryptophan biosynthesis and the potential regulatory protein trpp in corynebacterium glutamicum
topic Tryptophan
Suf operon
SufR
Corynebacterium glutamicum
Auxotrophy
[Fe-S] cluster
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-03939-z
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