Gaze-based detection of mind wandering during audio-guided panorama viewing

Abstract Unlike classic audio guides, intelligent audio guides can detect users’ level of attention and help them regain focus. In this paper, we investigate the detection of mind wandering (MW) from eye movements in a use case with a long focus distance. We present a novel MW annotation method for...

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Main Authors: Tiffany C. K. Kwok, Peter Kiefer, Victor R. Schinazi, Christoph Hoelscher, Martin Raubal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79172-x
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author Tiffany C. K. Kwok
Peter Kiefer
Victor R. Schinazi
Christoph Hoelscher
Martin Raubal
author_facet Tiffany C. K. Kwok
Peter Kiefer
Victor R. Schinazi
Christoph Hoelscher
Martin Raubal
author_sort Tiffany C. K. Kwok
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Unlike classic audio guides, intelligent audio guides can detect users’ level of attention and help them regain focus. In this paper, we investigate the detection of mind wandering (MW) from eye movements in a use case with a long focus distance. We present a novel MW annotation method for combined audio-visual stimuli and collect annotated MW data for the use case of audio-guided city panorama viewing. In two studies, MW classifiers are trained and validated, which are able to successfully detect MW in a 1-s time window. In study 1 (n = 27), MW classifiers from gaze features with and without eye vergence are trained (area under the curve of at least 0.80). We then re-validate the classifier with unseen data (study 2, n = 31) that are annotated using a memory task and find a positive correlation (repeated measure correlation = 0.49, p < 0.001) between incorrect quiz answering and the percentage of time users spent mind wandering. Overall, this paper contributes significant new knowledge on the detection of MW from gaze for use cases with audio-visual stimuli.
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spelling doaj-art-d1f6c6a038bc4a779f6678119eca17382024-11-17T12:18:15ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114111410.1038/s41598-024-79172-xGaze-based detection of mind wandering during audio-guided panorama viewingTiffany C. K. Kwok0Peter Kiefer1Victor R. Schinazi2Christoph Hoelscher3Martin Raubal4Institute of Cartography and Geoinformation, ETH ZürichInstitute of Cartography and Geoinformation, ETH ZürichDepartment of Psychology, Bond UniversityChair of Cognitive Science, ETH ZürichInstitute of Cartography and Geoinformation, ETH ZürichAbstract Unlike classic audio guides, intelligent audio guides can detect users’ level of attention and help them regain focus. In this paper, we investigate the detection of mind wandering (MW) from eye movements in a use case with a long focus distance. We present a novel MW annotation method for combined audio-visual stimuli and collect annotated MW data for the use case of audio-guided city panorama viewing. In two studies, MW classifiers are trained and validated, which are able to successfully detect MW in a 1-s time window. In study 1 (n = 27), MW classifiers from gaze features with and without eye vergence are trained (area under the curve of at least 0.80). We then re-validate the classifier with unseen data (study 2, n = 31) that are annotated using a memory task and find a positive correlation (repeated measure correlation = 0.49, p < 0.001) between incorrect quiz answering and the percentage of time users spent mind wandering. Overall, this paper contributes significant new knowledge on the detection of MW from gaze for use cases with audio-visual stimuli.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79172-x
spellingShingle Tiffany C. K. Kwok
Peter Kiefer
Victor R. Schinazi
Christoph Hoelscher
Martin Raubal
Gaze-based detection of mind wandering during audio-guided panorama viewing
Scientific Reports
title Gaze-based detection of mind wandering during audio-guided panorama viewing
title_full Gaze-based detection of mind wandering during audio-guided panorama viewing
title_fullStr Gaze-based detection of mind wandering during audio-guided panorama viewing
title_full_unstemmed Gaze-based detection of mind wandering during audio-guided panorama viewing
title_short Gaze-based detection of mind wandering during audio-guided panorama viewing
title_sort gaze based detection of mind wandering during audio guided panorama viewing
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79172-x
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