Exercise-based rehabilitation for major non-communicable diseases in low-resource settings: a scoping review

Introduction While there is substantial evidence for the benefits of exercise-based rehabilitation in the prevention and management of non-communicable disease (NCD) in high-resource settings, it is not evident that these programmes can be effectively implemented in a low-resource setting (LRS). Cor...

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Main Authors: Wayne Derman, Sherry L Grace, Martin Heine, Alison Lupton-Smith, Maureen Pakosh, Susan D Hanekom
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2019-12-01
Series:BMJ Global Health
Online Access:https://gh.bmj.com/content/4/6/e001833.full
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author Wayne Derman
Sherry L Grace
Martin Heine
Alison Lupton-Smith
Maureen Pakosh
Susan D Hanekom
author_facet Wayne Derman
Sherry L Grace
Martin Heine
Alison Lupton-Smith
Maureen Pakosh
Susan D Hanekom
author_sort Wayne Derman
collection DOAJ
description Introduction While there is substantial evidence for the benefits of exercise-based rehabilitation in the prevention and management of non-communicable disease (NCD) in high-resource settings, it is not evident that these programmes can be effectively implemented in a low-resource setting (LRS). Correspondingly, it is unclear if similar benefits can be obtained. The objective of this scoping review was to summarise existing studies evaluating exercise-based rehabilitation, rehabilitation intervention characteristics and outcomes conducted in an LRS for patients with one (or more) of the major NCDs.Methods The following databases were searched from inception until October 2018: PubMed/Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and trial registries. Studies on exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer or chronic respiratory disease conducted in an LRS were included. Data were extracted with respect to study design (eg, type, patient sample, context), rehabilitation characteristics (eg, delivery model, programme adaptations) and included outcome measures.Results The search yielded 5930 unique citations of which 60 unique studies were included. Study populations included patients with cardiovascular disease (48.3%), diabetes (28.3%), respiratory disease (21.7%) and cancer (1.7%). Adaptations included transition to predominant patient-driven home-based rehabilitation, training of non-conventional health workers, integration of rehabilitation in community health centres, or triage based on contextual or patient factors. Uptake of adapted rehabilitation models was 54%, retention 78% and adherence 89%. The majority of the outcome measures included were related to body function (65.7%).Conclusions The scope of evidence suggests that adapted exercise-based rehabilitation programmes can be implemented in LRS. However, this scope of evidence originated largely from lower middle-income, urban settings and has mostly been conducted in an academic context which may hamper extrapolation of evidence to other LRS. Cost-benefits, impact on activity limitations and participation restrictions, and subsequent mortality and morbidity are grossly understudied.
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spelling doaj-art-d1aebb62d499406cbcce1dafb62f1c352024-12-12T01:00:11ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Global Health2059-79082019-12-014610.1136/bmjgh-2019-001833Exercise-based rehabilitation for major non-communicable diseases in low-resource settings: a scoping reviewWayne Derman0Sherry L Grace1Martin Heine2Alison Lupton-Smith3Maureen Pakosh4Susan D Hanekom5International Olympic Committee Research Centre, Stellenbosch, South Africa1 Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaInstitute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South AfricaDivision of Physiotherapy, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South AfricaKITE, Toronto Rehab-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDivision of Physiotherapy, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South AfricaIntroduction While there is substantial evidence for the benefits of exercise-based rehabilitation in the prevention and management of non-communicable disease (NCD) in high-resource settings, it is not evident that these programmes can be effectively implemented in a low-resource setting (LRS). Correspondingly, it is unclear if similar benefits can be obtained. The objective of this scoping review was to summarise existing studies evaluating exercise-based rehabilitation, rehabilitation intervention characteristics and outcomes conducted in an LRS for patients with one (or more) of the major NCDs.Methods The following databases were searched from inception until October 2018: PubMed/Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and trial registries. Studies on exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer or chronic respiratory disease conducted in an LRS were included. Data were extracted with respect to study design (eg, type, patient sample, context), rehabilitation characteristics (eg, delivery model, programme adaptations) and included outcome measures.Results The search yielded 5930 unique citations of which 60 unique studies were included. Study populations included patients with cardiovascular disease (48.3%), diabetes (28.3%), respiratory disease (21.7%) and cancer (1.7%). Adaptations included transition to predominant patient-driven home-based rehabilitation, training of non-conventional health workers, integration of rehabilitation in community health centres, or triage based on contextual or patient factors. Uptake of adapted rehabilitation models was 54%, retention 78% and adherence 89%. The majority of the outcome measures included were related to body function (65.7%).Conclusions The scope of evidence suggests that adapted exercise-based rehabilitation programmes can be implemented in LRS. However, this scope of evidence originated largely from lower middle-income, urban settings and has mostly been conducted in an academic context which may hamper extrapolation of evidence to other LRS. Cost-benefits, impact on activity limitations and participation restrictions, and subsequent mortality and morbidity are grossly understudied.https://gh.bmj.com/content/4/6/e001833.full
spellingShingle Wayne Derman
Sherry L Grace
Martin Heine
Alison Lupton-Smith
Maureen Pakosh
Susan D Hanekom
Exercise-based rehabilitation for major non-communicable diseases in low-resource settings: a scoping review
BMJ Global Health
title Exercise-based rehabilitation for major non-communicable diseases in low-resource settings: a scoping review
title_full Exercise-based rehabilitation for major non-communicable diseases in low-resource settings: a scoping review
title_fullStr Exercise-based rehabilitation for major non-communicable diseases in low-resource settings: a scoping review
title_full_unstemmed Exercise-based rehabilitation for major non-communicable diseases in low-resource settings: a scoping review
title_short Exercise-based rehabilitation for major non-communicable diseases in low-resource settings: a scoping review
title_sort exercise based rehabilitation for major non communicable diseases in low resource settings a scoping review
url https://gh.bmj.com/content/4/6/e001833.full
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