Relationships between sodium, fats and carbohydrates on blood pressure, cholesterol and HbA1c: an umbrella review of systematic reviews
Background The relationship between nutrition and health is complex and the evidence to describe it broad and diffuse. This review brings together evidence for the effect of nutrients on cardiometabolic risk factors.Methods An umbrella review identified systematic reviews of randomised controlled tr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2024-06-01
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| Series: | BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health |
| Online Access: | https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/7/1/191.full |
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| _version_ | 1841553410555379712 |
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| author | Sarah Abraham Katie Sworn Anna Cantrell Penny Breeze Ellen McGrane |
| author_facet | Sarah Abraham Katie Sworn Anna Cantrell Penny Breeze Ellen McGrane |
| author_sort | Sarah Abraham |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background The relationship between nutrition and health is complex and the evidence to describe it broad and diffuse. This review brings together evidence for the effect of nutrients on cardiometabolic risk factors.Methods An umbrella review identified systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses estimating the effects of fats, carbohydrates and sodium on blood pressure, cholesterol and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Science Citation Index were search through 26 May 2020, with supplementary searches of grey literature and websites. English language systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included that assessed the effect of sodium, carbohydrates or fat on blood pressure, cholesterol and HbA1c. Reviews were purposively selected using a sampling framework matrix. The quality of evidence was assessed with A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) checklist, evidence synthesised in a narrative review and causal pathways diagram.Results Forty-three systematic reviews were included. Blood pressure was significantly associated with sodium, fibre and fat. Sodium, fats and carbohydrates were significantly associated with cholesterol. Monounsaturated fat, fibre and sugars were associated with HbA1c.Conclusion Multiple relationships between nutrients and cardiometabolic risk factors were identified and summarised in an accessible way for public health researchers. The review identifies associations, inconsistencies and gaps in evidence linking nutrition to cardiometabolic health. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d184a7a5078a44daaf63863bdb23b2d1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2516-5542 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-06-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-d184a7a5078a44daaf63863bdb23b2d12025-01-09T09:25:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health2516-55422024-06-017110.1136/bmjnph-2023-000666Relationships between sodium, fats and carbohydrates on blood pressure, cholesterol and HbA1c: an umbrella review of systematic reviewsSarah Abraham0Katie Sworn1Anna Cantrell2Penny Breeze3Ellen McGrane43 University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK2 Institute of Nursing Science Clinical-Theoretical Institute of the University Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany3 University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK1 Division of Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK3 University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UKBackground The relationship between nutrition and health is complex and the evidence to describe it broad and diffuse. This review brings together evidence for the effect of nutrients on cardiometabolic risk factors.Methods An umbrella review identified systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses estimating the effects of fats, carbohydrates and sodium on blood pressure, cholesterol and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Science Citation Index were search through 26 May 2020, with supplementary searches of grey literature and websites. English language systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included that assessed the effect of sodium, carbohydrates or fat on blood pressure, cholesterol and HbA1c. Reviews were purposively selected using a sampling framework matrix. The quality of evidence was assessed with A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) checklist, evidence synthesised in a narrative review and causal pathways diagram.Results Forty-three systematic reviews were included. Blood pressure was significantly associated with sodium, fibre and fat. Sodium, fats and carbohydrates were significantly associated with cholesterol. Monounsaturated fat, fibre and sugars were associated with HbA1c.Conclusion Multiple relationships between nutrients and cardiometabolic risk factors were identified and summarised in an accessible way for public health researchers. The review identifies associations, inconsistencies and gaps in evidence linking nutrition to cardiometabolic health.https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/7/1/191.full |
| spellingShingle | Sarah Abraham Katie Sworn Anna Cantrell Penny Breeze Ellen McGrane Relationships between sodium, fats and carbohydrates on blood pressure, cholesterol and HbA1c: an umbrella review of systematic reviews BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health |
| title | Relationships between sodium, fats and carbohydrates on blood pressure, cholesterol and HbA1c: an umbrella review of systematic reviews |
| title_full | Relationships between sodium, fats and carbohydrates on blood pressure, cholesterol and HbA1c: an umbrella review of systematic reviews |
| title_fullStr | Relationships between sodium, fats and carbohydrates on blood pressure, cholesterol and HbA1c: an umbrella review of systematic reviews |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relationships between sodium, fats and carbohydrates on blood pressure, cholesterol and HbA1c: an umbrella review of systematic reviews |
| title_short | Relationships between sodium, fats and carbohydrates on blood pressure, cholesterol and HbA1c: an umbrella review of systematic reviews |
| title_sort | relationships between sodium fats and carbohydrates on blood pressure cholesterol and hba1c an umbrella review of systematic reviews |
| url | https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/7/1/191.full |
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