Breast Ironing from the Perspective of Transcultural Nursing by Madeleine Leininger: A Narrative Review
(1) Background: This article addresses the harmful traditional practice of breast ironing, which primarily affects girls and adolescents in several countries, particularly in Cameroon. The practice involves applying heat and pressure to developing breasts to delay their growth, with the goal of prot...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Nursing Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/14/4/269 |
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| author | Rosa M. Cárdaba-García Veronica Velasco-Gonzalez Inés Cárdaba-García Lucía Pérez-Pérez Carlos Durantez-Fernández Alba Muñoz-del Caz Raúl Soto-Cámara Marta Evelia Aparicio-García Miguel Madrigal Inmaculada Pérez |
| author_facet | Rosa M. Cárdaba-García Veronica Velasco-Gonzalez Inés Cárdaba-García Lucía Pérez-Pérez Carlos Durantez-Fernández Alba Muñoz-del Caz Raúl Soto-Cámara Marta Evelia Aparicio-García Miguel Madrigal Inmaculada Pérez |
| author_sort | Rosa M. Cárdaba-García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: This article addresses the harmful traditional practice of breast ironing, which primarily affects girls and adolescents in several countries, particularly in Cameroon. The practice involves applying heat and pressure to developing breasts to delay their growth, with the goal of protecting girls from sexual abuse, early pregnancy, and forced marriages. While culturally accepted, breast ironing has severe physical, psychological, and social consequences, including damage to mammary glands, pain, infections, and potential long-term health complications. (2) Methods: A reflective analysis of the topic was conducted through a comprehensive search of various databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and CINAHL) following narrative review methodology. (3) Results: The practice is also examined through the lens of human rights and Madeleine Leininger’s transcultural nursing theory, which promotes respect for cultural traditions in healthcare. However, the authors question whether such a theory can justify practices that violate women’s physical integrity. (4) Conclusions: This study concludes that while cultural beliefs must be considered in healthcare, human rights and the elimination of violent practices, such as breast ironing, must take precedence. Educational campaigns and a more punitive approach in countries where this practice occurs are proposed as essential steps forward. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d15d4fdb7e7c4fc98e77b9d31593574b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2039-439X 2039-4403 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nursing Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-d15d4fdb7e7c4fc98e77b9d31593574b2024-12-27T14:44:18ZengMDPI AGNursing Reports2039-439X2039-44032024-11-011443677368810.3390/nursrep14040269Breast Ironing from the Perspective of Transcultural Nursing by Madeleine Leininger: A Narrative ReviewRosa M. Cárdaba-García0Veronica Velasco-Gonzalez1Inés Cárdaba-García2Lucía Pérez-Pérez3Carlos Durantez-Fernández4Alba Muñoz-del Caz5Raúl Soto-Cámara6Marta Evelia Aparicio-García7Miguel Madrigal8Inmaculada Pérez9Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, SpainDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, SpainPrimary Care Management Segovia (SACYL), C. Santo Tomás, 9, 40002 Segovia, SpainDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, SpainDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, SpainDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, SpainDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, C. Comendadores, s/n, 09001 Burgos, SpainInstituto de Estudios Feministas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C. Isaac Peral, s/n, 28015 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, SpainDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain(1) Background: This article addresses the harmful traditional practice of breast ironing, which primarily affects girls and adolescents in several countries, particularly in Cameroon. The practice involves applying heat and pressure to developing breasts to delay their growth, with the goal of protecting girls from sexual abuse, early pregnancy, and forced marriages. While culturally accepted, breast ironing has severe physical, psychological, and social consequences, including damage to mammary glands, pain, infections, and potential long-term health complications. (2) Methods: A reflective analysis of the topic was conducted through a comprehensive search of various databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and CINAHL) following narrative review methodology. (3) Results: The practice is also examined through the lens of human rights and Madeleine Leininger’s transcultural nursing theory, which promotes respect for cultural traditions in healthcare. However, the authors question whether such a theory can justify practices that violate women’s physical integrity. (4) Conclusions: This study concludes that while cultural beliefs must be considered in healthcare, human rights and the elimination of violent practices, such as breast ironing, must take precedence. Educational campaigns and a more punitive approach in countries where this practice occurs are proposed as essential steps forward.https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/14/4/269breast ironingcultural practiceshuman rightstranscultural diseaseviolence against women |
| spellingShingle | Rosa M. Cárdaba-García Veronica Velasco-Gonzalez Inés Cárdaba-García Lucía Pérez-Pérez Carlos Durantez-Fernández Alba Muñoz-del Caz Raúl Soto-Cámara Marta Evelia Aparicio-García Miguel Madrigal Inmaculada Pérez Breast Ironing from the Perspective of Transcultural Nursing by Madeleine Leininger: A Narrative Review Nursing Reports breast ironing cultural practices human rights transcultural disease violence against women |
| title | Breast Ironing from the Perspective of Transcultural Nursing by Madeleine Leininger: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Breast Ironing from the Perspective of Transcultural Nursing by Madeleine Leininger: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Breast Ironing from the Perspective of Transcultural Nursing by Madeleine Leininger: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Breast Ironing from the Perspective of Transcultural Nursing by Madeleine Leininger: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Breast Ironing from the Perspective of Transcultural Nursing by Madeleine Leininger: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | breast ironing from the perspective of transcultural nursing by madeleine leininger a narrative review |
| topic | breast ironing cultural practices human rights transcultural disease violence against women |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/14/4/269 |
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