Deciphering novel enzymatic and non-enzymatic lysine lactylation in Salmonella

Lysine lactylation, a novel post-translational modification, is involved in multiple cellular processes. The role of lactylation remains largely unknown, especially in bacteria. Here, we identified 1090 lactylation sites on 469 proteins by mass spectrometry in Salmonella Typhimurium. Many proteins i...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chuanzhen Zhang, Tao Zhou, Chengxi Li, Danni Wang, Jing Tao, Xiaocen Zhu, Jie Lu, Jinjing Ni, Yu-Feng Yao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Emerging Microbes and Infections
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2475838
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849325208449581056
author Chuanzhen Zhang
Tao Zhou
Chengxi Li
Danni Wang
Jing Tao
Xiaocen Zhu
Jie Lu
Jinjing Ni
Yu-Feng Yao
author_facet Chuanzhen Zhang
Tao Zhou
Chengxi Li
Danni Wang
Jing Tao
Xiaocen Zhu
Jie Lu
Jinjing Ni
Yu-Feng Yao
author_sort Chuanzhen Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Lysine lactylation, a novel post-translational modification, is involved in multiple cellular processes. The role of lactylation remains largely unknown, especially in bacteria. Here, we identified 1090 lactylation sites on 469 proteins by mass spectrometry in Salmonella Typhimurium. Many proteins involved in metabolic processes, protein translation, and other biological functions are lactylated, with lactylation levels varying according to the growth phase or lactate supplementation. Lactylation is regulated by glycolysis, and inhibition of L-lactate utilization can enhance lactylation levels. In addition to the known lactylase in E. coli, the acetyltransferase YfiQ can also catalyse lactylation. More importantly, L-lactyl coenzyme A (L-La-CoA) and S,D-lactoylglutathione (LGSH) can directly donate lactyl groups to target proteins for chemical lactylation. Lactylation is involved in Salmonella invasion of eukaryotic cells, suggesting that lactylation is crucial for bacterial virulence. Collectively, we have comprehensively investigated protein lactylome and the regulatory mechanisms of lactylation in Salmonella, providing valuable insights into studying lactylation function across diverse bacterial species.
format Article
id doaj-art-d12d68f7256f4bfdbd3f1008532f0dbc
institution Kabale University
issn 2222-1751
language English
publishDate 2025-12-01
publisher Taylor & Francis Group
record_format Article
series Emerging Microbes and Infections
spelling doaj-art-d12d68f7256f4bfdbd3f1008532f0dbc2025-08-20T03:48:28ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512025-12-0114110.1080/22221751.2025.2475838Deciphering novel enzymatic and non-enzymatic lysine lactylation in SalmonellaChuanzhen Zhang0Tao Zhou1Chengxi Li2Danni Wang3Jing Tao4Xiaocen Zhu5Jie Lu6Jinjing Ni7Yu-Feng Yao8Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaLaboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaAnhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of ChinaLaboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaLaboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCore Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaLaboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaLaboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaLysine lactylation, a novel post-translational modification, is involved in multiple cellular processes. The role of lactylation remains largely unknown, especially in bacteria. Here, we identified 1090 lactylation sites on 469 proteins by mass spectrometry in Salmonella Typhimurium. Many proteins involved in metabolic processes, protein translation, and other biological functions are lactylated, with lactylation levels varying according to the growth phase or lactate supplementation. Lactylation is regulated by glycolysis, and inhibition of L-lactate utilization can enhance lactylation levels. In addition to the known lactylase in E. coli, the acetyltransferase YfiQ can also catalyse lactylation. More importantly, L-lactyl coenzyme A (L-La-CoA) and S,D-lactoylglutathione (LGSH) can directly donate lactyl groups to target proteins for chemical lactylation. Lactylation is involved in Salmonella invasion of eukaryotic cells, suggesting that lactylation is crucial for bacterial virulence. Collectively, we have comprehensively investigated protein lactylome and the regulatory mechanisms of lactylation in Salmonella, providing valuable insights into studying lactylation function across diverse bacterial species.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2475838SalmonellalactylationL-La-CoALGSHvirulence
spellingShingle Chuanzhen Zhang
Tao Zhou
Chengxi Li
Danni Wang
Jing Tao
Xiaocen Zhu
Jie Lu
Jinjing Ni
Yu-Feng Yao
Deciphering novel enzymatic and non-enzymatic lysine lactylation in Salmonella
Emerging Microbes and Infections
Salmonella
lactylation
L-La-CoA
LGSH
virulence
title Deciphering novel enzymatic and non-enzymatic lysine lactylation in Salmonella
title_full Deciphering novel enzymatic and non-enzymatic lysine lactylation in Salmonella
title_fullStr Deciphering novel enzymatic and non-enzymatic lysine lactylation in Salmonella
title_full_unstemmed Deciphering novel enzymatic and non-enzymatic lysine lactylation in Salmonella
title_short Deciphering novel enzymatic and non-enzymatic lysine lactylation in Salmonella
title_sort deciphering novel enzymatic and non enzymatic lysine lactylation in salmonella
topic Salmonella
lactylation
L-La-CoA
LGSH
virulence
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2475838
work_keys_str_mv AT chuanzhenzhang decipheringnovelenzymaticandnonenzymaticlysinelactylationinsalmonella
AT taozhou decipheringnovelenzymaticandnonenzymaticlysinelactylationinsalmonella
AT chengxili decipheringnovelenzymaticandnonenzymaticlysinelactylationinsalmonella
AT danniwang decipheringnovelenzymaticandnonenzymaticlysinelactylationinsalmonella
AT jingtao decipheringnovelenzymaticandnonenzymaticlysinelactylationinsalmonella
AT xiaocenzhu decipheringnovelenzymaticandnonenzymaticlysinelactylationinsalmonella
AT jielu decipheringnovelenzymaticandnonenzymaticlysinelactylationinsalmonella
AT jinjingni decipheringnovelenzymaticandnonenzymaticlysinelactylationinsalmonella
AT yufengyao decipheringnovelenzymaticandnonenzymaticlysinelactylationinsalmonella