Micro-CT Analysis of Pore Structure in Upland Red Soil Under Different Long-Term Fertilization Regimes
This study hypothesized that long-term fertilization alters the pore structure and aggregate stability in upland red soil. A long-term fertilization experiment in Qiyang, Hunan, was conducted with three treatments: no fertilization (CK), nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium fertilization (NPK), and nitroge...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| author | Huan Fang Na Zhang Zhenghong Yu Dongchu Li Xinhua Peng Hu Zhou |
| author_facet | Huan Fang Na Zhang Zhenghong Yu Dongchu Li Xinhua Peng Hu Zhou |
| author_sort | Huan Fang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study hypothesized that long-term fertilization alters the pore structure and aggregate stability in upland red soil. A long-term fertilization experiment in Qiyang, Hunan, was conducted with three treatments: no fertilization (CK), nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium fertilization (NPK), and nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium combined with pig manure (NPKOM). X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning technology was used to assess three-dimensional pore structures at both the soil column (50 mm diameter and 50 mm height) and aggregate scales (diameter 3–5 mm), alongside the evaluation of the soil’s physical and chemical properties. Results showed that the soil organic carbon content (SOC) increased by 44.8% in NPK and 112.5% in NPKOM compared to CK. NPKOM improved the aggregate stability by 51.6%, whereas NPK had no significant effect. At the soil column scale, NPK increased the total porosity by 13.7% but reduced larger pores (>0.06 mm), whereas NPKOM decreased the total porosity by 7.8% and increased larger pores. At the aggregate scale, NPKOM increased the porosity for pores >0.098 mm by 7.6 times compared to CK and 9.5 times compared to NPK. In conclusion, long-term NPKOM significantly enhances the SOC and aggregate stability and promotes larger pore formation, unlike NPK, which mainly increases SOC but does not improve the soil structure. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-d0cd27fdba1549a9bada65643daef38c2024-11-26T17:44:55ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-11-011411266810.3390/agronomy14112668Micro-CT Analysis of Pore Structure in Upland Red Soil Under Different Long-Term Fertilization RegimesHuan Fang0Na Zhang1Zhenghong Yu2Dongchu Li3Xinhua Peng4Hu Zhou5College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaCollege of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaThis study hypothesized that long-term fertilization alters the pore structure and aggregate stability in upland red soil. A long-term fertilization experiment in Qiyang, Hunan, was conducted with three treatments: no fertilization (CK), nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium fertilization (NPK), and nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium combined with pig manure (NPKOM). X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning technology was used to assess three-dimensional pore structures at both the soil column (50 mm diameter and 50 mm height) and aggregate scales (diameter 3–5 mm), alongside the evaluation of the soil’s physical and chemical properties. Results showed that the soil organic carbon content (SOC) increased by 44.8% in NPK and 112.5% in NPKOM compared to CK. NPKOM improved the aggregate stability by 51.6%, whereas NPK had no significant effect. At the soil column scale, NPK increased the total porosity by 13.7% but reduced larger pores (>0.06 mm), whereas NPKOM decreased the total porosity by 7.8% and increased larger pores. At the aggregate scale, NPKOM increased the porosity for pores >0.098 mm by 7.6 times compared to CK and 9.5 times compared to NPK. In conclusion, long-term NPKOM significantly enhances the SOC and aggregate stability and promotes larger pore formation, unlike NPK, which mainly increases SOC but does not improve the soil structure.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2668X-ray computed tomography3D pore structuresoil columnssoil aggregatesSouthern China |
| spellingShingle | Huan Fang Na Zhang Zhenghong Yu Dongchu Li Xinhua Peng Hu Zhou Micro-CT Analysis of Pore Structure in Upland Red Soil Under Different Long-Term Fertilization Regimes Agronomy X-ray computed tomography 3D pore structure soil columns soil aggregates Southern China |
| title | Micro-CT Analysis of Pore Structure in Upland Red Soil Under Different Long-Term Fertilization Regimes |
| title_full | Micro-CT Analysis of Pore Structure in Upland Red Soil Under Different Long-Term Fertilization Regimes |
| title_fullStr | Micro-CT Analysis of Pore Structure in Upland Red Soil Under Different Long-Term Fertilization Regimes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Micro-CT Analysis of Pore Structure in Upland Red Soil Under Different Long-Term Fertilization Regimes |
| title_short | Micro-CT Analysis of Pore Structure in Upland Red Soil Under Different Long-Term Fertilization Regimes |
| title_sort | micro ct analysis of pore structure in upland red soil under different long term fertilization regimes |
| topic | X-ray computed tomography 3D pore structure soil columns soil aggregates Southern China |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2668 |
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