Biorefining Brazilian Green Propolis: An Eco-Friendly Approach Based on a Sequential High-Pressure Extraction for Recovering High-Added-Value Compounds
Propolis is a valuable natural resource for extracting various beneficial compounds. This study explores a sustainable extraction approach for Brazilian green propolis. First, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process parameters were optimized (co-solvent: 21.11% <i>v</i>/<i>v&l...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Guilherme Dallarmi Sorita Wilson Daniel Caicedo Chacon Monique Martins Strieder Camilo Rodriguez-García Alcilene Monteiro Fritz Silvani Verruck Germán Ayala Valencia José A. Mendiola |
| author_facet | Guilherme Dallarmi Sorita Wilson Daniel Caicedo Chacon Monique Martins Strieder Camilo Rodriguez-García Alcilene Monteiro Fritz Silvani Verruck Germán Ayala Valencia José A. Mendiola |
| author_sort | Guilherme Dallarmi Sorita |
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| description | Propolis is a valuable natural resource for extracting various beneficial compounds. This study explores a sustainable extraction approach for Brazilian green propolis. First, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process parameters were optimized (co-solvent: 21.11% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> CPME, and temperature: 60 °C) to maximize yield, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity, and LOX (lipoxygenase) inhibitory activity. GC–MS analysis identified 40 metabolites in SFE extracts, including fatty acids, terpenoids, phenolics, and sterols. After selecting the optimum SFE process parameters, a sequential high-pressure extraction (HPE) approach was developed, comprising SFE, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with EtOH/H<sub>2</sub>O, and subcritical water extraction (SWE). This process was compared to a similar sequential extraction using low-pressure extractions (LPE) with a Soxhlet extractor. The HPE process achieved a significantly higher overall yield (80.86%) than LPE (71.43%). SFE showed higher selectivity, resulting in a lower carbohydrate content in the non-polar fraction, and PLE extracted nearly twice the protein amount of LPE–2. Despite the HPE selectivity, LPE extracts exhibited better acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and LOX inhibition, demonstrating that the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts may be associated with a symbiosis of a set of compounds. Finally, a comprehensive greenness assessment revealed that the HPE process proved more sustainable and aligned with green chemistry principles than the LPE method. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-cfa33a694e6e43518c80578ea0ded5cd2025-01-10T13:19:09ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-01-0130118910.3390/molecules30010189Biorefining Brazilian Green Propolis: An Eco-Friendly Approach Based on a Sequential High-Pressure Extraction for Recovering High-Added-Value CompoundsGuilherme Dallarmi Sorita0Wilson Daniel Caicedo Chacon1Monique Martins Strieder2Camilo Rodriguez-García3Alcilene Monteiro Fritz4Silvani Verruck5Germán Ayala Valencia6José A. Mendiola7Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, SpainFoodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, SpainFoodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, SpainFoodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, BrazilDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Itacorubi, Florianópolis 88034-000, Santa Catarina, BrazilDepartment of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, BrazilFoodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, SpainPropolis is a valuable natural resource for extracting various beneficial compounds. This study explores a sustainable extraction approach for Brazilian green propolis. First, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process parameters were optimized (co-solvent: 21.11% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> CPME, and temperature: 60 °C) to maximize yield, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity, and LOX (lipoxygenase) inhibitory activity. GC–MS analysis identified 40 metabolites in SFE extracts, including fatty acids, terpenoids, phenolics, and sterols. After selecting the optimum SFE process parameters, a sequential high-pressure extraction (HPE) approach was developed, comprising SFE, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with EtOH/H<sub>2</sub>O, and subcritical water extraction (SWE). This process was compared to a similar sequential extraction using low-pressure extractions (LPE) with a Soxhlet extractor. The HPE process achieved a significantly higher overall yield (80.86%) than LPE (71.43%). SFE showed higher selectivity, resulting in a lower carbohydrate content in the non-polar fraction, and PLE extracted nearly twice the protein amount of LPE–2. Despite the HPE selectivity, LPE extracts exhibited better acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and LOX inhibition, demonstrating that the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts may be associated with a symbiosis of a set of compounds. Finally, a comprehensive greenness assessment revealed that the HPE process proved more sustainable and aligned with green chemistry principles than the LPE method.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/1/189process optimizationbio-based solventphytochemicalsenvironmental impactnatural products |
| spellingShingle | Guilherme Dallarmi Sorita Wilson Daniel Caicedo Chacon Monique Martins Strieder Camilo Rodriguez-García Alcilene Monteiro Fritz Silvani Verruck Germán Ayala Valencia José A. Mendiola Biorefining Brazilian Green Propolis: An Eco-Friendly Approach Based on a Sequential High-Pressure Extraction for Recovering High-Added-Value Compounds Molecules process optimization bio-based solvent phytochemicals environmental impact natural products |
| title | Biorefining Brazilian Green Propolis: An Eco-Friendly Approach Based on a Sequential High-Pressure Extraction for Recovering High-Added-Value Compounds |
| title_full | Biorefining Brazilian Green Propolis: An Eco-Friendly Approach Based on a Sequential High-Pressure Extraction for Recovering High-Added-Value Compounds |
| title_fullStr | Biorefining Brazilian Green Propolis: An Eco-Friendly Approach Based on a Sequential High-Pressure Extraction for Recovering High-Added-Value Compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biorefining Brazilian Green Propolis: An Eco-Friendly Approach Based on a Sequential High-Pressure Extraction for Recovering High-Added-Value Compounds |
| title_short | Biorefining Brazilian Green Propolis: An Eco-Friendly Approach Based on a Sequential High-Pressure Extraction for Recovering High-Added-Value Compounds |
| title_sort | biorefining brazilian green propolis an eco friendly approach based on a sequential high pressure extraction for recovering high added value compounds |
| topic | process optimization bio-based solvent phytochemicals environmental impact natural products |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/1/189 |
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