The effect of performance-based assessment on academic resilience, motivation, and teacher support in virtual versus non‑virtual classes

Abstract This study investigates the effects of performance-based assessment (PBA) on academic resilience (AR), motivation, and teacher support (TS) in online and traditional classroom settings. Guided by self-determination theory (SDT) and sociocultural theory (SCT), this research employs a quasi-e...

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Main Authors: Mahan Yaghoubi, Abbas Pourhosein Gilakjani, Gholam-Reza Abbasian
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-08-01
Series:Language Testing in Asia
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-025-00385-6
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author Mahan Yaghoubi
Abbas Pourhosein Gilakjani
Gholam-Reza Abbasian
author_facet Mahan Yaghoubi
Abbas Pourhosein Gilakjani
Gholam-Reza Abbasian
author_sort Mahan Yaghoubi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study investigates the effects of performance-based assessment (PBA) on academic resilience (AR), motivation, and teacher support (TS) in online and traditional classroom settings. Guided by self-determination theory (SDT) and sociocultural theory (SCT), this research employs a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design with 120 students across both instructional modes. Nonparametric tests, including the Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed ranks, validated the results, highlighting significant gains in AR, motivation, and TS in both groups, with more substantial improvements observed in the online setting. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between AR, motivation, and TS, suggesting that PBA fosters an interconnected, supportive learning experience particularly effective in online environments, where digital platforms’ flexibility can significantly support learner development. Qualitative reflections drawn from participants’ journal entries, analyzed thematically, further revealed the intervention’s positive psychological and social impact, particularly in terms of emotional engagement and perceived teacher support. These results indicate that PBA is particularly effective in fostering student resilience and motivation, supported by enhanced teacher involvement. These results highlight the role of TS in enhancing PBA’s effectiveness, particularly in online environments where it helps students stay motivated and resilient. This study offers meaningful implications for educators and policymakers aiming to optimize assessment methods across instructional settings.
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spelling doaj-art-cf82341245eb47cc872694e04353b18f2025-08-20T04:03:01ZengSpringerOpenLanguage Testing in Asia2229-04432025-08-0115113210.1186/s40468-025-00385-6The effect of performance-based assessment on academic resilience, motivation, and teacher support in virtual versus non‑virtual classesMahan Yaghoubi0Abbas Pourhosein Gilakjani1Gholam-Reza Abbasian2Department of English Language Translation, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of English Language Translation, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityImam Ali UniversityAbstract This study investigates the effects of performance-based assessment (PBA) on academic resilience (AR), motivation, and teacher support (TS) in online and traditional classroom settings. Guided by self-determination theory (SDT) and sociocultural theory (SCT), this research employs a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design with 120 students across both instructional modes. Nonparametric tests, including the Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed ranks, validated the results, highlighting significant gains in AR, motivation, and TS in both groups, with more substantial improvements observed in the online setting. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between AR, motivation, and TS, suggesting that PBA fosters an interconnected, supportive learning experience particularly effective in online environments, where digital platforms’ flexibility can significantly support learner development. Qualitative reflections drawn from participants’ journal entries, analyzed thematically, further revealed the intervention’s positive psychological and social impact, particularly in terms of emotional engagement and perceived teacher support. These results indicate that PBA is particularly effective in fostering student resilience and motivation, supported by enhanced teacher involvement. These results highlight the role of TS in enhancing PBA’s effectiveness, particularly in online environments where it helps students stay motivated and resilient. This study offers meaningful implications for educators and policymakers aiming to optimize assessment methods across instructional settings.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-025-00385-6Performance-based assessmentAcademic resilienceMotivationOnline learningAssessment methodsVirtual classroom environments
spellingShingle Mahan Yaghoubi
Abbas Pourhosein Gilakjani
Gholam-Reza Abbasian
The effect of performance-based assessment on academic resilience, motivation, and teacher support in virtual versus non‑virtual classes
Language Testing in Asia
Performance-based assessment
Academic resilience
Motivation
Online learning
Assessment methods
Virtual classroom environments
title The effect of performance-based assessment on academic resilience, motivation, and teacher support in virtual versus non‑virtual classes
title_full The effect of performance-based assessment on academic resilience, motivation, and teacher support in virtual versus non‑virtual classes
title_fullStr The effect of performance-based assessment on academic resilience, motivation, and teacher support in virtual versus non‑virtual classes
title_full_unstemmed The effect of performance-based assessment on academic resilience, motivation, and teacher support in virtual versus non‑virtual classes
title_short The effect of performance-based assessment on academic resilience, motivation, and teacher support in virtual versus non‑virtual classes
title_sort effect of performance based assessment on academic resilience motivation and teacher support in virtual versus non virtual classes
topic Performance-based assessment
Academic resilience
Motivation
Online learning
Assessment methods
Virtual classroom environments
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-025-00385-6
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