Antioxidant: Antimycobacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Acetone Extract and Subfraction <i>Artemisia afra</i> Jacq. ex Willd. Against <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i>
Tuberculosis is a worldwide prevalent and recurring disease that contributes significantly to high mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant, anti-mycobacterial, and antibiofilm activities of <i>Artemisia afra</i> acetone crude extract. <b>Methodology:</b&...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/11/1027 |
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| author | Mabasa Precious Matlala Mashilo Mash Matotoka Wanda Shekwa Peter Masoko |
| author_facet | Mabasa Precious Matlala Mashilo Mash Matotoka Wanda Shekwa Peter Masoko |
| author_sort | Mabasa Precious Matlala |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tuberculosis is a worldwide prevalent and recurring disease that contributes significantly to high mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant, anti-mycobacterial, and antibiofilm activities of <i>Artemisia afra</i> acetone crude extract. <b>Methodology:</b> The crude acetone extract was fractionated using column chromatography and characterized by liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). A 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay was used to assess the antioxidant activity. The antimycobacterial activity against <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> was screened using bioautography, broth microdilution, and growth curve assays. Molecular docking was used to predict the possible mechanisms of action of the LC-MS-identified ligands. Crystal violet was used to screen for anti-cell adherence and biofilm inhibition activities. <b>Results:</b> The crude extract scavenged 77% of the free radical at 16 μg/mL. The subfraction had a lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.078 mg/mL) compared to the crude extract (0.313–0.833 mg/mL). The subfraction had a concentration-dependent inhibition effect (>50%) on mycobacterial cell adherence and early biofilms. However, the mature biofilms were resistant. Two propanoate compounds, [(2S)-3-[6-acetyl-4,6-dihydroxy-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]tetrahydropyran-2-yl]-2-hydroxy-propyl] (2R)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoate and 3-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)propyl 3-(2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-3-yl) propanoate, had binding energies of −5.4 kcal/mol and −6.3 kcal/mol, respectively, against the RNA polymerase binding protein. <b>Conclusions:</b> The results show that <i>A. afra</i> acetone crude extract has antioxidant and antimycobacterial activities that can be improved by fractionation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cf6a48ced8c94c459c725a24c71da5b7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-cf6a48ced8c94c459c725a24c71da5b72024-11-26T17:46:25ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822024-10-011311102710.3390/antibiotics13111027Antioxidant: Antimycobacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Acetone Extract and Subfraction <i>Artemisia afra</i> Jacq. ex Willd. Against <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i>Mabasa Precious Matlala0Mashilo Mash Matotoka1Wanda Shekwa2Peter Masoko3Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovena 0727, South AfricaDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovena 0727, South AfricaDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovena 0727, South AfricaDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovena 0727, South AfricaTuberculosis is a worldwide prevalent and recurring disease that contributes significantly to high mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant, anti-mycobacterial, and antibiofilm activities of <i>Artemisia afra</i> acetone crude extract. <b>Methodology:</b> The crude acetone extract was fractionated using column chromatography and characterized by liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). A 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay was used to assess the antioxidant activity. The antimycobacterial activity against <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> was screened using bioautography, broth microdilution, and growth curve assays. Molecular docking was used to predict the possible mechanisms of action of the LC-MS-identified ligands. Crystal violet was used to screen for anti-cell adherence and biofilm inhibition activities. <b>Results:</b> The crude extract scavenged 77% of the free radical at 16 μg/mL. The subfraction had a lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.078 mg/mL) compared to the crude extract (0.313–0.833 mg/mL). The subfraction had a concentration-dependent inhibition effect (>50%) on mycobacterial cell adherence and early biofilms. However, the mature biofilms were resistant. Two propanoate compounds, [(2S)-3-[6-acetyl-4,6-dihydroxy-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]tetrahydropyran-2-yl]-2-hydroxy-propyl] (2R)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoate and 3-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)propyl 3-(2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-3-yl) propanoate, had binding energies of −5.4 kcal/mol and −6.3 kcal/mol, respectively, against the RNA polymerase binding protein. <b>Conclusions:</b> The results show that <i>A. afra</i> acetone crude extract has antioxidant and antimycobacterial activities that can be improved by fractionation.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/11/1027medicinal plantsantioxidant<i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i>anti-biofilm formation |
| spellingShingle | Mabasa Precious Matlala Mashilo Mash Matotoka Wanda Shekwa Peter Masoko Antioxidant: Antimycobacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Acetone Extract and Subfraction <i>Artemisia afra</i> Jacq. ex Willd. Against <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> Antibiotics medicinal plants antioxidant <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> anti-biofilm formation |
| title | Antioxidant: Antimycobacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Acetone Extract and Subfraction <i>Artemisia afra</i> Jacq. ex Willd. Against <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> |
| title_full | Antioxidant: Antimycobacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Acetone Extract and Subfraction <i>Artemisia afra</i> Jacq. ex Willd. Against <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidant: Antimycobacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Acetone Extract and Subfraction <i>Artemisia afra</i> Jacq. ex Willd. Against <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidant: Antimycobacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Acetone Extract and Subfraction <i>Artemisia afra</i> Jacq. ex Willd. Against <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> |
| title_short | Antioxidant: Antimycobacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Acetone Extract and Subfraction <i>Artemisia afra</i> Jacq. ex Willd. Against <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> |
| title_sort | antioxidant antimycobacterial and antibiofilm activities of acetone extract and subfraction i artemisia afra i jacq ex willd against i mycobacterium smegmatis i |
| topic | medicinal plants antioxidant <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> anti-biofilm formation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/11/1027 |
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