The Random Effect Transformation for Three Regularity Classes

We continue the analysis of the influence of the random effect transformation on the regularity of distribution functions. The paper considers three regularity classes: heavy-tailed distributions, distributions with consistently varying tails, and exponential-like-tailed distributions. We apply the...

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Main Authors: Jonas Šiaulys, Sylwia Lewkiewicz, Remigijus Leipus
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/24/3932
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author Jonas Šiaulys
Sylwia Lewkiewicz
Remigijus Leipus
author_facet Jonas Šiaulys
Sylwia Lewkiewicz
Remigijus Leipus
author_sort Jonas Šiaulys
collection DOAJ
description We continue the analysis of the influence of the random effect transformation on the regularity of distribution functions. The paper considers three regularity classes: heavy-tailed distributions, distributions with consistently varying tails, and exponential-like-tailed distributions. We apply the random effect transformation to the primary distribution functions from these classes and investigate whether the resulting distribution function remains in the same class. We find that the random effect transformation has the greatest impact on exponential-like-tailed distributions. We establish that any heavy-tailed distribution subjected to a random effect transformation remains heavy-tailed, and any distribution with a consistently varying tail remains with a consistently varying tail after the random effect transformation. Meanwhile, different cases are possible when an exponential-like-tailed class of distributions is subjected to a random effect transformation. Sometimes, depending on the structure of a random effect, the resulting distribution remains exponential-like-tailed, and sometimes that distribution regularly varies. All of the derived theoretical results are illustrated with several examples.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2227-7390
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spelling doaj-art-cf586e17b1bb47199b364cd6bd11781a2024-12-27T14:38:03ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902024-12-011224393210.3390/math12243932The Random Effect Transformation for Three Regularity ClassesJonas Šiaulys0Sylwia Lewkiewicz1Remigijus Leipus2Institute of Mathematics, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, LithuaniaInstitute of Mathematics, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, LithuaniaInstitute of Applied Mathematics, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, LithuaniaWe continue the analysis of the influence of the random effect transformation on the regularity of distribution functions. The paper considers three regularity classes: heavy-tailed distributions, distributions with consistently varying tails, and exponential-like-tailed distributions. We apply the random effect transformation to the primary distribution functions from these classes and investigate whether the resulting distribution function remains in the same class. We find that the random effect transformation has the greatest impact on exponential-like-tailed distributions. We establish that any heavy-tailed distribution subjected to a random effect transformation remains heavy-tailed, and any distribution with a consistently varying tail remains with a consistently varying tail after the random effect transformation. Meanwhile, different cases are possible when an exponential-like-tailed class of distributions is subjected to a random effect transformation. Sometimes, depending on the structure of a random effect, the resulting distribution remains exponential-like-tailed, and sometimes that distribution regularly varies. All of the derived theoretical results are illustrated with several examples.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/24/3932random effectdistribution functiondistribution transformationheavy tailconsistent variationexponential-like-tailed distribution
spellingShingle Jonas Šiaulys
Sylwia Lewkiewicz
Remigijus Leipus
The Random Effect Transformation for Three Regularity Classes
Mathematics
random effect
distribution function
distribution transformation
heavy tail
consistent variation
exponential-like-tailed distribution
title The Random Effect Transformation for Three Regularity Classes
title_full The Random Effect Transformation for Three Regularity Classes
title_fullStr The Random Effect Transformation for Three Regularity Classes
title_full_unstemmed The Random Effect Transformation for Three Regularity Classes
title_short The Random Effect Transformation for Three Regularity Classes
title_sort random effect transformation for three regularity classes
topic random effect
distribution function
distribution transformation
heavy tail
consistent variation
exponential-like-tailed distribution
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/24/3932
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