Evaluation of feasibility and utility of urinary lipoarabinomannan assay against conventional sputum microscopy in the detection of tuberculosis among people with and without HIV infection

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health challenge. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) assessment in urine is a potential molecular diagnostic tool for TB. Methods: We evaluated the feasibility and utility of urinary LAM in detecting TB along with sputum smear microscopy (SSM) and the True...

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Main Authors: Chakrapani Chatla, Neetu Mishra, Malathi Jojula, Vijay Nema, Rajesham Adepu, Mallikarjun Puttala
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213398424003245
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author Chakrapani Chatla
Neetu Mishra
Malathi Jojula
Vijay Nema
Rajesham Adepu
Mallikarjun Puttala
author_facet Chakrapani Chatla
Neetu Mishra
Malathi Jojula
Vijay Nema
Rajesham Adepu
Mallikarjun Puttala
author_sort Chakrapani Chatla
collection DOAJ
description Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health challenge. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) assessment in urine is a potential molecular diagnostic tool for TB. Methods: We evaluated the feasibility and utility of urinary LAM in detecting TB along with sputum smear microscopy (SSM) and the TrueNAT test. In an observational cross-sectional pilot study, we collected sputum and urine samples from 240 subjects visiting the Designated Microscopy Center, Warangal during Apr-Sep 2021. LED microscopy, TrueNAT and liquid culture were performed on sputum while LAM test was conducted on urine samples. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 45.1 (SD = 16.1) years. The majority were men (66 %), married (89 %) and urban (52 %) subjects. Overall sensitivity of urine LAM was 63.6 % and specificity 80.1 % while that of LED microscopy were 59.6 % and 56.7 % respectively. TrueNAT had sensitivity of 58.6 % and specificity of 80.1 %. However, a combination of LAM + TrueNAT had 79.8 % sensitivity. Among PLHIV, LAM + SSM has better sensitivity than any other combination of these tests or alone across all CD4 count categories. Conclusion: Urinary LAM can be a more useful, feasible and better TB diagnostic biomarker over LED microscopy in diagnosing TB among the subjects who have symptoms irrespective of HIV status and recommend further evaluation of next-generation urinary LAM diagnostics to reach the unreached through a point of care tool.
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spelling doaj-art-cf15c2764b07404fa6c876cb071a16f12024-12-28T05:22:04ZengElsevierClinical Epidemiology and Global Health2213-39842024-11-0130101827Evaluation of feasibility and utility of urinary lipoarabinomannan assay against conventional sputum microscopy in the detection of tuberculosis among people with and without HIV infectionChakrapani Chatla0Neetu Mishra1Malathi Jojula2Vijay Nema3Rajesham Adepu4Mallikarjun Puttala5Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India; Department of Microbiology, Sri Shivani College of Pharmacy, Warangal, Telangana, IndiaSymbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India; Corresponding author.Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram-Lavale, Taluka-Mulshi, Pune, 412115, Maharashtra, India.Department of Microbiology, Sri Shivani College of Pharmacy, Warangal, Telangana, IndiaICMR-National Institute of Translational Virology and AIDS Research, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaState TB Control Office, Hyderabad, Telangana, IndiaDistrict TB Control Office, Warangal, Telangana State, IndiaBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health challenge. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) assessment in urine is a potential molecular diagnostic tool for TB. Methods: We evaluated the feasibility and utility of urinary LAM in detecting TB along with sputum smear microscopy (SSM) and the TrueNAT test. In an observational cross-sectional pilot study, we collected sputum and urine samples from 240 subjects visiting the Designated Microscopy Center, Warangal during Apr-Sep 2021. LED microscopy, TrueNAT and liquid culture were performed on sputum while LAM test was conducted on urine samples. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 45.1 (SD = 16.1) years. The majority were men (66 %), married (89 %) and urban (52 %) subjects. Overall sensitivity of urine LAM was 63.6 % and specificity 80.1 % while that of LED microscopy were 59.6 % and 56.7 % respectively. TrueNAT had sensitivity of 58.6 % and specificity of 80.1 %. However, a combination of LAM + TrueNAT had 79.8 % sensitivity. Among PLHIV, LAM + SSM has better sensitivity than any other combination of these tests or alone across all CD4 count categories. Conclusion: Urinary LAM can be a more useful, feasible and better TB diagnostic biomarker over LED microscopy in diagnosing TB among the subjects who have symptoms irrespective of HIV status and recommend further evaluation of next-generation urinary LAM diagnostics to reach the unreached through a point of care tool.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213398424003245TuberculosisLED microscopyLipoarabinomannanScreeningDiagnosis
spellingShingle Chakrapani Chatla
Neetu Mishra
Malathi Jojula
Vijay Nema
Rajesham Adepu
Mallikarjun Puttala
Evaluation of feasibility and utility of urinary lipoarabinomannan assay against conventional sputum microscopy in the detection of tuberculosis among people with and without HIV infection
Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health
Tuberculosis
LED microscopy
Lipoarabinomannan
Screening
Diagnosis
title Evaluation of feasibility and utility of urinary lipoarabinomannan assay against conventional sputum microscopy in the detection of tuberculosis among people with and without HIV infection
title_full Evaluation of feasibility and utility of urinary lipoarabinomannan assay against conventional sputum microscopy in the detection of tuberculosis among people with and without HIV infection
title_fullStr Evaluation of feasibility and utility of urinary lipoarabinomannan assay against conventional sputum microscopy in the detection of tuberculosis among people with and without HIV infection
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of feasibility and utility of urinary lipoarabinomannan assay against conventional sputum microscopy in the detection of tuberculosis among people with and without HIV infection
title_short Evaluation of feasibility and utility of urinary lipoarabinomannan assay against conventional sputum microscopy in the detection of tuberculosis among people with and without HIV infection
title_sort evaluation of feasibility and utility of urinary lipoarabinomannan assay against conventional sputum microscopy in the detection of tuberculosis among people with and without hiv infection
topic Tuberculosis
LED microscopy
Lipoarabinomannan
Screening
Diagnosis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213398424003245
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