Combined Application of Biochar and Calcium Superphosphate Can Effectively Immobilize Cadmium and Reduce Its Uptake by Cabbage
Biochar and phosphate fertilizer are commonly employed for the mitigation of soil cadmium (Cd) contamination. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of research regarding the mechanism behind their joint implementation. In this study, a combination of corn straw biochar (0 (C<sub>0</sub>), 5 (C...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Xinlei Peng Md. Shoffikul Islam Qian Li Qingling Fu Jun Zhu Hongqing Hu |
| author_facet | Xinlei Peng Md. Shoffikul Islam Qian Li Qingling Fu Jun Zhu Hongqing Hu |
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| description | Biochar and phosphate fertilizer are commonly employed for the mitigation of soil cadmium (Cd) contamination. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of research regarding the mechanism behind their joint implementation. In this study, a combination of corn straw biochar (0 (C<sub>0</sub>), 5 (C<sub>5</sub>), and 10 (C<sub>10</sub>) g kg<sup>−1</sup>) and calcium superphosphate (0 (P<sub>0</sub>), 0.1 (P<sub>1</sub>), 0.2 (P<sub>2</sub>), 0.5 (P<sub>5</sub>), and 1.0 (P<sub>10</sub>) g kg<sup>−1</sup>) was applied in pot experiments, and the effects of the combined application on Cd bioavailability and its uptake by cabbage were investigated in Cd-contaminated soils. The results demonstrated that the combined treatment of applying biochar and Ca(H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> yielded a significant decrease in the uptake of Cd by cabbage in alkaline soil, in contrast to the individual treatments of biochar or Ca(H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. Compared to the CK treatment (C<sub>0</sub>P<sub>0</sub>), the Cd content in the shoots decreased by 46.26% and in the roots decreased by 24.81%, while the biomass of the cabbage demonstrated a noteworthy increase in C<sub>5</sub>P<sub>10</sub> treatment. Compared to the CK treatment, the content of available phosphate (AP) in the soil increased by 17.57 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, residual Cd increased by 22.02%, the exchangeable Cd decreased by 45.86%, and carbonate-bound Cd decreased by 20.55% in the C<sub>5</sub>P<sub>10</sub> treatment. Therefore, it is advisable to use a combination of 5 g kg<sup>−1</sup> biochar and 1 g kg<sup>−1</sup> Ca(H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> for the restoration of soil contaminated with Cd. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-cea9b5150b9d4ccab8a327d1a5493f022024-11-26T17:44:22ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-10-011411253810.3390/agronomy14112538Combined Application of Biochar and Calcium Superphosphate Can Effectively Immobilize Cadmium and Reduce Its Uptake by CabbageXinlei Peng0Md. Shoffikul Islam1Qian Li2Qingling Fu3Jun Zhu4Hongqing Hu5College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaDepartment of Soil Science, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, BangladeshCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaBiochar and phosphate fertilizer are commonly employed for the mitigation of soil cadmium (Cd) contamination. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of research regarding the mechanism behind their joint implementation. In this study, a combination of corn straw biochar (0 (C<sub>0</sub>), 5 (C<sub>5</sub>), and 10 (C<sub>10</sub>) g kg<sup>−1</sup>) and calcium superphosphate (0 (P<sub>0</sub>), 0.1 (P<sub>1</sub>), 0.2 (P<sub>2</sub>), 0.5 (P<sub>5</sub>), and 1.0 (P<sub>10</sub>) g kg<sup>−1</sup>) was applied in pot experiments, and the effects of the combined application on Cd bioavailability and its uptake by cabbage were investigated in Cd-contaminated soils. The results demonstrated that the combined treatment of applying biochar and Ca(H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> yielded a significant decrease in the uptake of Cd by cabbage in alkaline soil, in contrast to the individual treatments of biochar or Ca(H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. Compared to the CK treatment (C<sub>0</sub>P<sub>0</sub>), the Cd content in the shoots decreased by 46.26% and in the roots decreased by 24.81%, while the biomass of the cabbage demonstrated a noteworthy increase in C<sub>5</sub>P<sub>10</sub> treatment. Compared to the CK treatment, the content of available phosphate (AP) in the soil increased by 17.57 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, residual Cd increased by 22.02%, the exchangeable Cd decreased by 45.86%, and carbonate-bound Cd decreased by 20.55% in the C<sub>5</sub>P<sub>10</sub> treatment. Therefore, it is advisable to use a combination of 5 g kg<sup>−1</sup> biochar and 1 g kg<sup>−1</sup> Ca(H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> for the restoration of soil contaminated with Cd.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2538cadmiumbiocharphosphate fertilizerimmobilizationsoil remediation |
| spellingShingle | Xinlei Peng Md. Shoffikul Islam Qian Li Qingling Fu Jun Zhu Hongqing Hu Combined Application of Biochar and Calcium Superphosphate Can Effectively Immobilize Cadmium and Reduce Its Uptake by Cabbage Agronomy cadmium biochar phosphate fertilizer immobilization soil remediation |
| title | Combined Application of Biochar and Calcium Superphosphate Can Effectively Immobilize Cadmium and Reduce Its Uptake by Cabbage |
| title_full | Combined Application of Biochar and Calcium Superphosphate Can Effectively Immobilize Cadmium and Reduce Its Uptake by Cabbage |
| title_fullStr | Combined Application of Biochar and Calcium Superphosphate Can Effectively Immobilize Cadmium and Reduce Its Uptake by Cabbage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combined Application of Biochar and Calcium Superphosphate Can Effectively Immobilize Cadmium and Reduce Its Uptake by Cabbage |
| title_short | Combined Application of Biochar and Calcium Superphosphate Can Effectively Immobilize Cadmium and Reduce Its Uptake by Cabbage |
| title_sort | combined application of biochar and calcium superphosphate can effectively immobilize cadmium and reduce its uptake by cabbage |
| topic | cadmium biochar phosphate fertilizer immobilization soil remediation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2538 |
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