Assessment of water quality and heavy metal indices in a tropical freshwater river for aquatic life and public health standard

We investigated the spatial–temporal variability, contamination sources, and risk of heavy metals (HMs) on environment and public health in water of the Barnoi River, Bangladesh from July 2019 to June 2020. Surface waters were sampled from five distinct sampling sites and measured for physico-chemic...

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Main Authors: Md. Ayenuddin Haque, Bithy Khatun, Md. Abu Sayed Jewel, Jesmin Ara, Md.Shahidul Islam Kazal, Jakia Hasan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Ecological Indicators
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X24013190
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author Md. Ayenuddin Haque
Bithy Khatun
Md. Abu Sayed Jewel
Jesmin Ara
Md.Shahidul Islam Kazal
Jakia Hasan
author_facet Md. Ayenuddin Haque
Bithy Khatun
Md. Abu Sayed Jewel
Jesmin Ara
Md.Shahidul Islam Kazal
Jakia Hasan
author_sort Md. Ayenuddin Haque
collection DOAJ
description We investigated the spatial–temporal variability, contamination sources, and risk of heavy metals (HMs) on environment and public health in water of the Barnoi River, Bangladesh from July 2019 to June 2020. Surface waters were sampled from five distinct sampling sites and measured for physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, biological oxygen demand, nitrate-nitrogen and phosphate-phosphorus) and HMs (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu and Zn) content. Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed following standard procedure, and HMs concentration was analyzed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). We assessed the surface water quality for drinking and aquatic life standard, metal pollution indices (HPI and HEI) and non– cancer and cancer risks. Furthermore, we employed correlation analysis (CoA), principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA), to define the inter-metal relationship, distribution and potential origin. Our results indicated that all physico-chemical parameters satisfied drinking and aquatic life standards (WHO, USEPA). However, among the analyzed HMs, Cr, As, Pb and Cd surpassed the maximum recommended value. Principle component analysis (PCA) revealed distribution of the studied metals, possibly anthropogenic sources (industrial, agricultural, household, and municipal wastewater). Based on the indices, the Barnoi River water was ‘undrinkable’ (DWQI = 158.66) and the index value was higher at Site-1 and Site-2. However, the CCME-WQI index for aquatic life or fisheries indicated that the surface water was in a ‘fair’ condition (CCME-WQI = 70.65). The mean values of HPI (257.41) and HEI (17.47) indicate ‘unsuitable for drinking’ and ‘medium pollution’ conditions of the surface water, respectively. Health risk evaluation revealed that children are more susceptible to both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks by Cr, As and Ni than the adults. Regular monitoring is recommended by the responsible authorities and policymakers.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 1470-160X
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Ecological Indicators
spelling doaj-art-cde4312e4ff4480bb551c96740a08d402024-12-16T05:35:17ZengElsevierEcological Indicators1470-160X2024-12-01169112862Assessment of water quality and heavy metal indices in a tropical freshwater river for aquatic life and public health standardMd. Ayenuddin Haque0Bithy Khatun1Md. Abu Sayed Jewel2Jesmin Ara3Md.Shahidul Islam Kazal4Jakia Hasan5Department of Oceanography and Blue Economy, Faculty of Fisheries, Habiganj Agricultural University, Habiganj 3300, Bangladesh; Corresponding authors at: Department of Oceanography and Blue Economy, Faculty of Fisheries, Habiganj Agricultural University, Habiganj 3300, Bangladesh.Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, BangladeshDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; Corresponding authors at: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.Department of Fishery Resources Conservation and Management, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna 9202, BangladeshDepartment of Oceanography, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Hathajari, Chittagong 4331, BangladeshBangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh 2201, BangladeshWe investigated the spatial–temporal variability, contamination sources, and risk of heavy metals (HMs) on environment and public health in water of the Barnoi River, Bangladesh from July 2019 to June 2020. Surface waters were sampled from five distinct sampling sites and measured for physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, biological oxygen demand, nitrate-nitrogen and phosphate-phosphorus) and HMs (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu and Zn) content. Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed following standard procedure, and HMs concentration was analyzed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). We assessed the surface water quality for drinking and aquatic life standard, metal pollution indices (HPI and HEI) and non– cancer and cancer risks. Furthermore, we employed correlation analysis (CoA), principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA), to define the inter-metal relationship, distribution and potential origin. Our results indicated that all physico-chemical parameters satisfied drinking and aquatic life standards (WHO, USEPA). However, among the analyzed HMs, Cr, As, Pb and Cd surpassed the maximum recommended value. Principle component analysis (PCA) revealed distribution of the studied metals, possibly anthropogenic sources (industrial, agricultural, household, and municipal wastewater). Based on the indices, the Barnoi River water was ‘undrinkable’ (DWQI = 158.66) and the index value was higher at Site-1 and Site-2. However, the CCME-WQI index for aquatic life or fisheries indicated that the surface water was in a ‘fair’ condition (CCME-WQI = 70.65). The mean values of HPI (257.41) and HEI (17.47) indicate ‘unsuitable for drinking’ and ‘medium pollution’ conditions of the surface water, respectively. Health risk evaluation revealed that children are more susceptible to both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks by Cr, As and Ni than the adults. Regular monitoring is recommended by the responsible authorities and policymakers.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X24013190Barnoi RiverWater quality indexNon-carcinogenic riskCancer riskHeavy metal pollution indexHeavy metal evaluation index
spellingShingle Md. Ayenuddin Haque
Bithy Khatun
Md. Abu Sayed Jewel
Jesmin Ara
Md.Shahidul Islam Kazal
Jakia Hasan
Assessment of water quality and heavy metal indices in a tropical freshwater river for aquatic life and public health standard
Ecological Indicators
Barnoi River
Water quality index
Non-carcinogenic risk
Cancer risk
Heavy metal pollution index
Heavy metal evaluation index
title Assessment of water quality and heavy metal indices in a tropical freshwater river for aquatic life and public health standard
title_full Assessment of water quality and heavy metal indices in a tropical freshwater river for aquatic life and public health standard
title_fullStr Assessment of water quality and heavy metal indices in a tropical freshwater river for aquatic life and public health standard
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of water quality and heavy metal indices in a tropical freshwater river for aquatic life and public health standard
title_short Assessment of water quality and heavy metal indices in a tropical freshwater river for aquatic life and public health standard
title_sort assessment of water quality and heavy metal indices in a tropical freshwater river for aquatic life and public health standard
topic Barnoi River
Water quality index
Non-carcinogenic risk
Cancer risk
Heavy metal pollution index
Heavy metal evaluation index
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X24013190
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