Deciphering the mechanism of nano-enhanced docosahexaenoic acid accumulation in microalgae

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a vital bioresource for human health due to its cardiovascular function, anti-inflammatory significance, and cognitive benefits. But the sustainability of DHA from its traditional sources is in question due to overfishing and environmental concerns. Microalgae is a sust...

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Main Authors: Adamu Yunusa Ugya, Hui Chen, Qiang Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-10-01
Series:Journal of CO2 Utilization
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212982025001660
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author Adamu Yunusa Ugya
Hui Chen
Qiang Wang
author_facet Adamu Yunusa Ugya
Hui Chen
Qiang Wang
author_sort Adamu Yunusa Ugya
collection DOAJ
description Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a vital bioresource for human health due to its cardiovascular function, anti-inflammatory significance, and cognitive benefits. But the sustainability of DHA from its traditional sources is in question due to overfishing and environmental concerns. Microalgae is a sustainable alternative source of DHA; however, scale-up production of DHA from microalgae is strained due to the high cost of cultivation and extraction processes. This review provides an important insight into how nanoparticles can be used to enhance DHA biosynthesis in microalgae through targeted and efficient manipulation of cellular processes. The review shows that the manipulation of nanoscale material allows for intervention that improves the bioprospecting potential of microalgae through enhancing cultivation efficiency. Also, the mechanistic pathways through which nano-enhancement tends to upsurge DHA accumulation in microalgal systems were explored. The review indicates that nano-enhancements can be achieved through a complex mechanism that involves nanoparticles acting as growth promoters and biostimulants. Nanoparticles also enhance DHA in microalgae by triggering enhanced light utilization and plasmonic effects. Nanoparticles also play a critical role in increasing extraction efficiency and stability of DHA in microalgae, making them a promising tool for bioprospecting. But despite the significance of nanoparticles in enhancing DHA accumulation, limitations such as the high cost of nanomaterials and formulation, potential toxicity to microalgal cells, and limited understanding of nano-bio interactions hinder the achievement of scale-up application. Thus buttressing the need for further studies to address these challenges and optimize the use of nanoparticles in microalgae cultivation.
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spelling doaj-art-cd4ce6cd34c64d6fb1b5b490ac514e6b2025-08-20T04:03:22ZengElsevierJournal of CO2 Utilization2212-98392025-10-0110010318210.1016/j.jcou.2025.103182Deciphering the mechanism of nano-enhanced docosahexaenoic acid accumulation in microalgaeAdamu Yunusa Ugya0Hui Chen1Qiang Wang2State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Biomanufacturing, Henan University, Kaifeng, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Biomanufacturing, Henan University, Kaifeng, China; Corresponding authors at: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Biomanufacturing, Henan University, Kaifeng, China; Corresponding authors at: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a vital bioresource for human health due to its cardiovascular function, anti-inflammatory significance, and cognitive benefits. But the sustainability of DHA from its traditional sources is in question due to overfishing and environmental concerns. Microalgae is a sustainable alternative source of DHA; however, scale-up production of DHA from microalgae is strained due to the high cost of cultivation and extraction processes. This review provides an important insight into how nanoparticles can be used to enhance DHA biosynthesis in microalgae through targeted and efficient manipulation of cellular processes. The review shows that the manipulation of nanoscale material allows for intervention that improves the bioprospecting potential of microalgae through enhancing cultivation efficiency. Also, the mechanistic pathways through which nano-enhancement tends to upsurge DHA accumulation in microalgal systems were explored. The review indicates that nano-enhancements can be achieved through a complex mechanism that involves nanoparticles acting as growth promoters and biostimulants. Nanoparticles also enhance DHA in microalgae by triggering enhanced light utilization and plasmonic effects. Nanoparticles also play a critical role in increasing extraction efficiency and stability of DHA in microalgae, making them a promising tool for bioprospecting. But despite the significance of nanoparticles in enhancing DHA accumulation, limitations such as the high cost of nanomaterials and formulation, potential toxicity to microalgal cells, and limited understanding of nano-bio interactions hinder the achievement of scale-up application. Thus buttressing the need for further studies to address these challenges and optimize the use of nanoparticles in microalgae cultivation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212982025001660Lipid biosynthesisQuantum dotsMagnetic nanoparticlesNano-fertilizersEnvironmental stressors
spellingShingle Adamu Yunusa Ugya
Hui Chen
Qiang Wang
Deciphering the mechanism of nano-enhanced docosahexaenoic acid accumulation in microalgae
Journal of CO2 Utilization
Lipid biosynthesis
Quantum dots
Magnetic nanoparticles
Nano-fertilizers
Environmental stressors
title Deciphering the mechanism of nano-enhanced docosahexaenoic acid accumulation in microalgae
title_full Deciphering the mechanism of nano-enhanced docosahexaenoic acid accumulation in microalgae
title_fullStr Deciphering the mechanism of nano-enhanced docosahexaenoic acid accumulation in microalgae
title_full_unstemmed Deciphering the mechanism of nano-enhanced docosahexaenoic acid accumulation in microalgae
title_short Deciphering the mechanism of nano-enhanced docosahexaenoic acid accumulation in microalgae
title_sort deciphering the mechanism of nano enhanced docosahexaenoic acid accumulation in microalgae
topic Lipid biosynthesis
Quantum dots
Magnetic nanoparticles
Nano-fertilizers
Environmental stressors
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212982025001660
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AT qiangwang decipheringthemechanismofnanoenhanceddocosahexaenoicacidaccumulationinmicroalgae