Volitional and forced running ability in mice lacking intact primary motor cortex
The coordination of various brain regions achieves both volitional and forced motor control, but the role of the primary motor cortex in proficient running motor control remains unclear. This study trained mice to run at high performance (>10,000 rotations per day or >2,700 rotations p...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2025.1630932/full |
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| author | Ryusei Abo Mei Ishikawa Rio Shinohara Takayuki Michikawa Takayuki Michikawa Itaru Imayoshi Itaru Imayoshi Itaru Imayoshi |
| author_facet | Ryusei Abo Mei Ishikawa Rio Shinohara Takayuki Michikawa Takayuki Michikawa Itaru Imayoshi Itaru Imayoshi Itaru Imayoshi |
| author_sort | Ryusei Abo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The coordination of various brain regions achieves both volitional and forced motor control, but the role of the primary motor cortex in proficient running motor control remains unclear. This study trained mice to run at high performance (>10,000 rotations per day or >2,700 rotations per hour) using a running wheel, and then assessed the effects of the removal of bilateral cortical areas including the primary motor cortex on volitional (self-initiated) and forced (externally driven) running locomotion. The control sham-operated group revealed a quick recovery of volitional running, reaching half of the maximum daily rotation in 3.9 ± 2.6 days (n = 10). In contrast, the cortical injury group took a significantly longer period (7.0 ± 3.3 days, n = 15, p < 0.05) to reach half of the maximum volitional daily rotation, but recovered to preoperative levels in about two weeks. Furthermore, even 3 days after surgery to remove cortical regions, the running time on a treadmill moving at 35.3 cm/s, which is difficult for naïve mice to run on, was not significantly different from that in the sham-operated group. These results suggest that the intact primary motor cortex is not necessarily required to execute trained fast-running locomotion, but rather contributes to the spontaneity of running in mice. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cc8683c2cf2a497dae3c7c778410ec8a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1662-5110 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| spelling | doaj-art-cc8683c2cf2a497dae3c7c778410ec8a2025-08-20T04:00:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neural Circuits1662-51102025-08-011910.3389/fncir.2025.16309321630932Volitional and forced running ability in mice lacking intact primary motor cortexRyusei Abo0Mei Ishikawa1Rio Shinohara2Takayuki Michikawa3Takayuki Michikawa4Itaru Imayoshi5Itaru Imayoshi6Itaru Imayoshi7Laboratory of Brain Development and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanLaboratory of Brain Development and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanLaboratory of Brain Development and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanLaboratory of Optical Biomedical Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanBiotechnological Optics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, JapanLaboratory of Brain Development and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanCenter for Living Systems Information Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanLaboratory of Deconstruction of Stem Cells, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanThe coordination of various brain regions achieves both volitional and forced motor control, but the role of the primary motor cortex in proficient running motor control remains unclear. This study trained mice to run at high performance (>10,000 rotations per day or >2,700 rotations per hour) using a running wheel, and then assessed the effects of the removal of bilateral cortical areas including the primary motor cortex on volitional (self-initiated) and forced (externally driven) running locomotion. The control sham-operated group revealed a quick recovery of volitional running, reaching half of the maximum daily rotation in 3.9 ± 2.6 days (n = 10). In contrast, the cortical injury group took a significantly longer period (7.0 ± 3.3 days, n = 15, p < 0.05) to reach half of the maximum volitional daily rotation, but recovered to preoperative levels in about two weeks. Furthermore, even 3 days after surgery to remove cortical regions, the running time on a treadmill moving at 35.3 cm/s, which is difficult for naïve mice to run on, was not significantly different from that in the sham-operated group. These results suggest that the intact primary motor cortex is not necessarily required to execute trained fast-running locomotion, but rather contributes to the spontaneity of running in mice.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2025.1630932/fullmotor controlcerebrumrunning wheeltreadmillcortical injury |
| spellingShingle | Ryusei Abo Mei Ishikawa Rio Shinohara Takayuki Michikawa Takayuki Michikawa Itaru Imayoshi Itaru Imayoshi Itaru Imayoshi Volitional and forced running ability in mice lacking intact primary motor cortex Frontiers in Neural Circuits motor control cerebrum running wheel treadmill cortical injury |
| title | Volitional and forced running ability in mice lacking intact primary motor cortex |
| title_full | Volitional and forced running ability in mice lacking intact primary motor cortex |
| title_fullStr | Volitional and forced running ability in mice lacking intact primary motor cortex |
| title_full_unstemmed | Volitional and forced running ability in mice lacking intact primary motor cortex |
| title_short | Volitional and forced running ability in mice lacking intact primary motor cortex |
| title_sort | volitional and forced running ability in mice lacking intact primary motor cortex |
| topic | motor control cerebrum running wheel treadmill cortical injury |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2025.1630932/full |
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