Persistent CD19+ B cell lymphopenia in critically ill COVID-19 patients 50 days after symptom onset
IntroductionLong COVID (LC) poses a persistent challenge in clinical practice due to limited understanding of its etiology. LC is hypothesized to stem from aberrant immune responses in COVID-19. Vaccinations, which boost immune cells to restore function, could help ease LC symptoms.MethodsTo exclude...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1488607/full |
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| author | Hui An Hui An Ting Li Xinyue Zhang Hao Hu Hao Hu Chen Zhang Chen Zhang Yongyu Wang Shengwei Jin Shengwei Jin Shengwei Jin Ming Li Ming Li Ming Li |
| author_facet | Hui An Hui An Ting Li Xinyue Zhang Hao Hu Hao Hu Chen Zhang Chen Zhang Yongyu Wang Shengwei Jin Shengwei Jin Shengwei Jin Ming Li Ming Li Ming Li |
| author_sort | Hui An |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionLong COVID (LC) poses a persistent challenge in clinical practice due to limited understanding of its etiology. LC is hypothesized to stem from aberrant immune responses in COVID-19. Vaccinations, which boost immune cells to restore function, could help ease LC symptoms.MethodsTo exclude the impact of vaccination, we examined the immune cell profiles of recovering COVID-19 patients before vaccines were available. White blood cell differentials were monitored in ninety-twohealthy unvaccinated controls. Seventy-six unvaccinated COVID-19 patients were monitored upon admission and on the 50th day post-symptom onset (DPSO50). Peripheral lymphocyte subsets were analyzed using flow cytometry.ResultsMild cases showed no significant changes in lymphocyte counts or subsets from admission to DPSO50. By DPSO50, severe and critical cases showed almost complete recovery from lymphopenia, with critical cases having CD19+ B-cell counts approximately 45% lower than the mild group. Severe and critical cases exhibited reduced B-cell frequencies, with critical cases displaying around 48% higher natural killer (NK) cell counts. In mild cases, NK cell counts negatively correlated with B-cell counts (r=-0.528, p=0.02). Additionally, critical cases showed positive correlations between NK cell counts and CD4+ T-cell counts (r=0.83, p<0.01), and between NK cell counts and CD8+ T-cell counts (r=0.74, p<0.01). Severe cases demonstrated decreased counts of CD4+CD25+CD127lowFoxP3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs), which positively correlated with B-cell counts (r=0.37, p<0.05).DiscussionOur findings indicate that aberrant immune cell profiles in COVID-19 patients change dynamically during recovery, depending on disease severity. This study suggests that convalescent patients from critical COVID-19 may experience long-lasting B-cell lymphopenia. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-cc0d07d3981640d6ad8a45f98614d77e2024-11-22T06:17:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882024-11-011410.3389/fcimb.2024.14886071488607Persistent CD19+ B cell lymphopenia in critically ill COVID-19 patients 50 days after symptom onsetHui An0Hui An1Ting Li2Xinyue Zhang3Hao Hu4Hao Hu5Chen Zhang6Chen Zhang7Yongyu Wang8Shengwei Jin9Shengwei Jin10Shengwei Jin11Ming Li12Ming Li13Ming Li14Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaIntroductionLong COVID (LC) poses a persistent challenge in clinical practice due to limited understanding of its etiology. LC is hypothesized to stem from aberrant immune responses in COVID-19. Vaccinations, which boost immune cells to restore function, could help ease LC symptoms.MethodsTo exclude the impact of vaccination, we examined the immune cell profiles of recovering COVID-19 patients before vaccines were available. White blood cell differentials were monitored in ninety-twohealthy unvaccinated controls. Seventy-six unvaccinated COVID-19 patients were monitored upon admission and on the 50th day post-symptom onset (DPSO50). Peripheral lymphocyte subsets were analyzed using flow cytometry.ResultsMild cases showed no significant changes in lymphocyte counts or subsets from admission to DPSO50. By DPSO50, severe and critical cases showed almost complete recovery from lymphopenia, with critical cases having CD19+ B-cell counts approximately 45% lower than the mild group. Severe and critical cases exhibited reduced B-cell frequencies, with critical cases displaying around 48% higher natural killer (NK) cell counts. In mild cases, NK cell counts negatively correlated with B-cell counts (r=-0.528, p=0.02). Additionally, critical cases showed positive correlations between NK cell counts and CD4+ T-cell counts (r=0.83, p<0.01), and between NK cell counts and CD8+ T-cell counts (r=0.74, p<0.01). Severe cases demonstrated decreased counts of CD4+CD25+CD127lowFoxP3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs), which positively correlated with B-cell counts (r=0.37, p<0.05).DiscussionOur findings indicate that aberrant immune cell profiles in COVID-19 patients change dynamically during recovery, depending on disease severity. This study suggests that convalescent patients from critical COVID-19 may experience long-lasting B-cell lymphopenia.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1488607/fullCOVID-19long covidconvalescenceaberrant immune-cell profilesB cell lymphopeniaregulatory T cells |
| spellingShingle | Hui An Hui An Ting Li Xinyue Zhang Hao Hu Hao Hu Chen Zhang Chen Zhang Yongyu Wang Shengwei Jin Shengwei Jin Shengwei Jin Ming Li Ming Li Ming Li Persistent CD19+ B cell lymphopenia in critically ill COVID-19 patients 50 days after symptom onset Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology COVID-19 long covid convalescence aberrant immune-cell profiles B cell lymphopenia regulatory T cells |
| title | Persistent CD19+ B cell lymphopenia in critically ill COVID-19 patients 50 days after symptom onset |
| title_full | Persistent CD19+ B cell lymphopenia in critically ill COVID-19 patients 50 days after symptom onset |
| title_fullStr | Persistent CD19+ B cell lymphopenia in critically ill COVID-19 patients 50 days after symptom onset |
| title_full_unstemmed | Persistent CD19+ B cell lymphopenia in critically ill COVID-19 patients 50 days after symptom onset |
| title_short | Persistent CD19+ B cell lymphopenia in critically ill COVID-19 patients 50 days after symptom onset |
| title_sort | persistent cd19 b cell lymphopenia in critically ill covid 19 patients 50 days after symptom onset |
| topic | COVID-19 long covid convalescence aberrant immune-cell profiles B cell lymphopenia regulatory T cells |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1488607/full |
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