Multi-Band Scattering Characteristics of Miniature Masson Pine Canopy Based on Microwave Anechoic Chamber Measurement
Using microwave remote sensing to invert forest parameters requires clear canopy scattering characteristics, which can be intuitively investigated through scattering measurements. However, there are very few ground-based measurements on forest branches, needles, and canopies. In this study, a quanti...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Kai Du Yuan Li Huaguo Huang Xufeng Mao Xiulai Xiao Zhiqu Liu |
| author_facet | Kai Du Yuan Li Huaguo Huang Xufeng Mao Xiulai Xiao Zhiqu Liu |
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| description | Using microwave remote sensing to invert forest parameters requires clear canopy scattering characteristics, which can be intuitively investigated through scattering measurements. However, there are very few ground-based measurements on forest branches, needles, and canopies. In this study, a quantitative analysis of the canopy branches, needles, and ground contribution of Masson pine scenes in C-, X-, and Ku-bands was conducted based on a microwave anechoic chamber measurement platform. Four canopy scenes with different densities by defoliation in the vertical direction were constructed, and the backscattering data for each scene were collected in the C-, X-, and Ku-bands across eight incidence angles and eight azimuth angles, respectively. The results show that in the vertical observation direction, the backscattering energy of the C- and X-bands was predominantly contributed by the ground, whereas the Ku-band signal exhibited higher sensitivity to the canopy structure. The backscattering energy of the scene was influenced by the incident angle, particularly in the cross-polarization, where backscattering energy increased with larger incident angles. The scene’s backscattering energy was influenced by the scattering and extinction of canopy branches and needles, as well as by ground scattering, resulting in a complex relationship with canopy density. In addition, applying orientation correction to the polarization scattering matrix can mitigate the impact of the incident angle and reduce the decomposition energy errors in the Freeman–Durden model. In order to ensure the reliability of forest parameter inversion based on SAR data, a greater emphasis should be placed on physical models that account for signal scattering and the extinction process, rather than relying on empirical models. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj-art-cb862850424f4d0a99770855173de68a2025-01-10T13:20:40ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-12-012514610.3390/s25010046Multi-Band Scattering Characteristics of Miniature Masson Pine Canopy Based on Microwave Anechoic Chamber MeasurementKai Du0Yuan Li1Huaguo Huang2Xufeng Mao3Xiulai Xiao4Zhiqu Liu5Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, College of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, ChinaState Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Environmental Management, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaState Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Environmental Management, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaQinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, College of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, ChinaLaboratory of Target Microwave Properties, Deqing Academy of Satellite Applications, Deqing 313200, ChinaLaboratory of Target Microwave Properties, Deqing Academy of Satellite Applications, Deqing 313200, ChinaUsing microwave remote sensing to invert forest parameters requires clear canopy scattering characteristics, which can be intuitively investigated through scattering measurements. However, there are very few ground-based measurements on forest branches, needles, and canopies. In this study, a quantitative analysis of the canopy branches, needles, and ground contribution of Masson pine scenes in C-, X-, and Ku-bands was conducted based on a microwave anechoic chamber measurement platform. Four canopy scenes with different densities by defoliation in the vertical direction were constructed, and the backscattering data for each scene were collected in the C-, X-, and Ku-bands across eight incidence angles and eight azimuth angles, respectively. The results show that in the vertical observation direction, the backscattering energy of the C- and X-bands was predominantly contributed by the ground, whereas the Ku-band signal exhibited higher sensitivity to the canopy structure. The backscattering energy of the scene was influenced by the incident angle, particularly in the cross-polarization, where backscattering energy increased with larger incident angles. The scene’s backscattering energy was influenced by the scattering and extinction of canopy branches and needles, as well as by ground scattering, resulting in a complex relationship with canopy density. In addition, applying orientation correction to the polarization scattering matrix can mitigate the impact of the incident angle and reduce the decomposition energy errors in the Freeman–Durden model. In order to ensure the reliability of forest parameter inversion based on SAR data, a greater emphasis should be placed on physical models that account for signal scattering and the extinction process, rather than relying on empirical models.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/1/46forest canopyscattering contributionradar profilesincidence anglepolarization decomposition |
| spellingShingle | Kai Du Yuan Li Huaguo Huang Xufeng Mao Xiulai Xiao Zhiqu Liu Multi-Band Scattering Characteristics of Miniature Masson Pine Canopy Based on Microwave Anechoic Chamber Measurement Sensors forest canopy scattering contribution radar profiles incidence angle polarization decomposition |
| title | Multi-Band Scattering Characteristics of Miniature Masson Pine Canopy Based on Microwave Anechoic Chamber Measurement |
| title_full | Multi-Band Scattering Characteristics of Miniature Masson Pine Canopy Based on Microwave Anechoic Chamber Measurement |
| title_fullStr | Multi-Band Scattering Characteristics of Miniature Masson Pine Canopy Based on Microwave Anechoic Chamber Measurement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Band Scattering Characteristics of Miniature Masson Pine Canopy Based on Microwave Anechoic Chamber Measurement |
| title_short | Multi-Band Scattering Characteristics of Miniature Masson Pine Canopy Based on Microwave Anechoic Chamber Measurement |
| title_sort | multi band scattering characteristics of miniature masson pine canopy based on microwave anechoic chamber measurement |
| topic | forest canopy scattering contribution radar profiles incidence angle polarization decomposition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/1/46 |
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