A clearer understanding of the dynamic structuring of different natural rubber genotypes on a macroscopic and mesoscopic scale by asymmetrical-flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) analysis

Unlike synthetic elastomers, the structure of natural rubber (NR) evolves (dynamic structuring) and so do its properties during the storage before reaching an industrial mixer. In the rubber industry this is known as storage hardening. NR samples from three genotypes (GT1, RRIM600 and PB235) were su...

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Main Authors: Siriluck Liengprayoon, Christine Char, Laurent Vaysse, Frédéric Bonfils
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Polymer Testing
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941824002915
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author Siriluck Liengprayoon
Christine Char
Laurent Vaysse
Frédéric Bonfils
author_facet Siriluck Liengprayoon
Christine Char
Laurent Vaysse
Frédéric Bonfils
author_sort Siriluck Liengprayoon
collection DOAJ
description Unlike synthetic elastomers, the structure of natural rubber (NR) evolves (dynamic structuring) and so do its properties during the storage before reaching an industrial mixer. In the rubber industry this is known as storage hardening. NR samples from three genotypes (GT1, RRIM600 and PB235) were subjected to different levels of structuring by varying the structuring time (t) on phosphorus pentoxide (0 < t < 28 h). Storage hardening (ΔP) of the samples was then determined by measuring the increase in Wallace plasticity (P) (macro-scale) and by analyzing their mesostructure (meso-scale) using asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (A4F). Monitoring ΔP as a function of structuring time revealed a diversity of behaviors specific to the genotype from which the rubber originated. For example, NR samples from genotypes GT1 and PB235 exhibited different kinetics for t < 12 h, an increase in ΔP with structuring time, but reached the same final plateau (t > 12 h). An A4F analysis of the samples was used to quantify the fraction of microaggregates smaller than 1 μm (microgel<1μ). The microgel<1μ rate decreased with structuring time to varying extents depending on the genotype. A very significant negative relationship was found between ΔP and the microgel<1μ rate, indicating that the NR samples that hardened the most contained the lowest microgel<1μ rate, but the highest macrogel rate.
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spelling doaj-art-caa6b9fa5a4945c69e371a28cfe1edcd2024-11-16T05:09:43ZengElsevierPolymer Testing1873-23482024-11-01140108614A clearer understanding of the dynamic structuring of different natural rubber genotypes on a macroscopic and mesoscopic scale by asymmetrical-flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) analysisSiriluck Liengprayoon0Christine Char1Laurent Vaysse2Frédéric Bonfils3Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, ThailandCIRAD, BioWooEB, 34398, Montpellier, France; BioWooEB, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, FranceCIRAD, BioWooEB, 34398, Montpellier, France; BioWooEB, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, FranceCIRAD, BioWooEB, 34398, Montpellier, France; BioWooEB, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Corresponding author. CIRAD, BioWooEB, 34398, Montpellier, France.Unlike synthetic elastomers, the structure of natural rubber (NR) evolves (dynamic structuring) and so do its properties during the storage before reaching an industrial mixer. In the rubber industry this is known as storage hardening. NR samples from three genotypes (GT1, RRIM600 and PB235) were subjected to different levels of structuring by varying the structuring time (t) on phosphorus pentoxide (0 < t < 28 h). Storage hardening (ΔP) of the samples was then determined by measuring the increase in Wallace plasticity (P) (macro-scale) and by analyzing their mesostructure (meso-scale) using asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (A4F). Monitoring ΔP as a function of structuring time revealed a diversity of behaviors specific to the genotype from which the rubber originated. For example, NR samples from genotypes GT1 and PB235 exhibited different kinetics for t < 12 h, an increase in ΔP with structuring time, but reached the same final plateau (t > 12 h). An A4F analysis of the samples was used to quantify the fraction of microaggregates smaller than 1 μm (microgel<1μ). The microgel<1μ rate decreased with structuring time to varying extents depending on the genotype. A very significant negative relationship was found between ΔP and the microgel<1μ rate, indicating that the NR samples that hardened the most contained the lowest microgel<1μ rate, but the highest macrogel rate.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941824002915Natural rubberStorage hardeningDynamic structuringMeso-structureAsymmetrical flow field flow fractionation
spellingShingle Siriluck Liengprayoon
Christine Char
Laurent Vaysse
Frédéric Bonfils
A clearer understanding of the dynamic structuring of different natural rubber genotypes on a macroscopic and mesoscopic scale by asymmetrical-flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) analysis
Polymer Testing
Natural rubber
Storage hardening
Dynamic structuring
Meso-structure
Asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation
title A clearer understanding of the dynamic structuring of different natural rubber genotypes on a macroscopic and mesoscopic scale by asymmetrical-flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) analysis
title_full A clearer understanding of the dynamic structuring of different natural rubber genotypes on a macroscopic and mesoscopic scale by asymmetrical-flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) analysis
title_fullStr A clearer understanding of the dynamic structuring of different natural rubber genotypes on a macroscopic and mesoscopic scale by asymmetrical-flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) analysis
title_full_unstemmed A clearer understanding of the dynamic structuring of different natural rubber genotypes on a macroscopic and mesoscopic scale by asymmetrical-flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) analysis
title_short A clearer understanding of the dynamic structuring of different natural rubber genotypes on a macroscopic and mesoscopic scale by asymmetrical-flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) analysis
title_sort clearer understanding of the dynamic structuring of different natural rubber genotypes on a macroscopic and mesoscopic scale by asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation a4f analysis
topic Natural rubber
Storage hardening
Dynamic structuring
Meso-structure
Asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941824002915
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