Apollon Mark: bounce mark visualization system for ball sports judgement using prediction-based preceding mirror control

Video Assistant Referee (VAR) is used for line judging in tennis to improve the fairness of a game. However, currently, popular VAR systems are based on three-dimensional trajectories and do not take actual ball bounce marks into account, which may lead to misjudgment due to misalignment. Therefore,...

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Main Authors: Himari Tochioka, Tomohiro Sueishi, Masatoshi Ishikawa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:SICE Journal of Control, Measurement, and System Integration
Subjects:
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18824889.2024.2348238
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author Himari Tochioka
Tomohiro Sueishi
Masatoshi Ishikawa
author_facet Himari Tochioka
Tomohiro Sueishi
Masatoshi Ishikawa
author_sort Himari Tochioka
collection DOAJ
description Video Assistant Referee (VAR) is used for line judging in tennis to improve the fairness of a game. However, currently, popular VAR systems are based on three-dimensional trajectories and do not take actual ball bounce marks into account, which may lead to misjudgment due to misalignment. Therefore, in this paper, we propose Apollon Mark, a bounce mark visualization system with preceding mirror control based on high-speed drop location prediction. Based on high-speed measurement of three-dimensional position and motion prediction, the proposed system enables a high-resolution camera to capture the ground texture both before and after the ball drops on the ground by directing the angle of view of the camera to the predicted drop location of the ball before it drops. The system then enables bounce mark visualization by simple differential processing between the before and after images with a template-matching image processing algorithm. We have quantitatively evaluated the validity of the proposed system through the simulation of drop location prediction for real-scale tennis ball trajectories and validated the bounce mark visualization algorithm under a dynamic angle of view using galvanometer mirrors.
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institution Kabale University
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series SICE Journal of Control, Measurement, and System Integration
spelling doaj-art-ca9a22b4a3a34046bd2cbe7ecb63f9022024-12-13T15:19:03ZengTaylor & Francis GroupSICE Journal of Control, Measurement, and System Integration1884-99702024-12-0117116417510.1080/18824889.2024.23482382348238Apollon Mark: bounce mark visualization system for ball sports judgement using prediction-based preceding mirror controlHimari Tochioka0Tomohiro Sueishi1Masatoshi Ishikawa2The University of TokyoThe University of TokyoTokyo University of ScienceVideo Assistant Referee (VAR) is used for line judging in tennis to improve the fairness of a game. However, currently, popular VAR systems are based on three-dimensional trajectories and do not take actual ball bounce marks into account, which may lead to misjudgment due to misalignment. Therefore, in this paper, we propose Apollon Mark, a bounce mark visualization system with preceding mirror control based on high-speed drop location prediction. Based on high-speed measurement of three-dimensional position and motion prediction, the proposed system enables a high-resolution camera to capture the ground texture both before and after the ball drops on the ground by directing the angle of view of the camera to the predicted drop location of the ball before it drops. The system then enables bounce mark visualization by simple differential processing between the before and after images with a template-matching image processing algorithm. We have quantitatively evaluated the validity of the proposed system through the simulation of drop location prediction for real-scale tennis ball trajectories and validated the bounce mark visualization algorithm under a dynamic angle of view using galvanometer mirrors.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18824889.2024.2348238high-speed visionhigh-speed image processingmotion predictionoptical controlvisualizationvideo assistant referee
spellingShingle Himari Tochioka
Tomohiro Sueishi
Masatoshi Ishikawa
Apollon Mark: bounce mark visualization system for ball sports judgement using prediction-based preceding mirror control
SICE Journal of Control, Measurement, and System Integration
high-speed vision
high-speed image processing
motion prediction
optical control
visualization
video assistant referee
title Apollon Mark: bounce mark visualization system for ball sports judgement using prediction-based preceding mirror control
title_full Apollon Mark: bounce mark visualization system for ball sports judgement using prediction-based preceding mirror control
title_fullStr Apollon Mark: bounce mark visualization system for ball sports judgement using prediction-based preceding mirror control
title_full_unstemmed Apollon Mark: bounce mark visualization system for ball sports judgement using prediction-based preceding mirror control
title_short Apollon Mark: bounce mark visualization system for ball sports judgement using prediction-based preceding mirror control
title_sort apollon mark bounce mark visualization system for ball sports judgement using prediction based preceding mirror control
topic high-speed vision
high-speed image processing
motion prediction
optical control
visualization
video assistant referee
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18824889.2024.2348238
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AT tomohirosueishi apollonmarkbouncemarkvisualizationsystemforballsportsjudgementusingpredictionbasedprecedingmirrorcontrol
AT masatoshiishikawa apollonmarkbouncemarkvisualizationsystemforballsportsjudgementusingpredictionbasedprecedingmirrorcontrol