Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Different Concentrations of Whey Protein–Cress Seed Gum Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles based on food-grade materials are promising materials to develop Pickering emulsions for food applications. Initially, this study focuses on the development of nanoparticles through the utilization of a soluble complex of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and cress seed gum (CSG), which w...

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Main Authors: Maryam Davtalab, Sara Naji-Tabasi, Mostafa Shahidi-Noghabi, Artur J. Martins, Ana I. Bourbon, Miguel A. Cerqueira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3777
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author Maryam Davtalab
Sara Naji-Tabasi
Mostafa Shahidi-Noghabi
Artur J. Martins
Ana I. Bourbon
Miguel A. Cerqueira
author_facet Maryam Davtalab
Sara Naji-Tabasi
Mostafa Shahidi-Noghabi
Artur J. Martins
Ana I. Bourbon
Miguel A. Cerqueira
author_sort Maryam Davtalab
collection DOAJ
description Nanoparticles based on food-grade materials are promising materials to develop Pickering emulsions for food applications. Initially, this study focuses on the development of nanoparticles through the utilization of a soluble complex of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and cress seed gum (CSG), which were modified by calcium chloride (CaCl<sub>2</sub>) as a cross-linker. The response surface methodology was used to investigate the impact of different concentrations of WPC (1–4% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>), CSG (0–1% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>), and CaCl<sub>2</sub> (1–3 mM) on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and Zeta potential. The optimum conditions for the production of CSG–WPC nanoparticles (WPC–CSG NPs) were 0.31% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) CSG, 1.75% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) WPC, and 1.69 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>, resulting in nanoparticles with average size of 236 nm and Zeta potential of −22 mV. Subsequently, oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsions were produced with different concentrations of WPC–CSG NPs in optimum conditions. The contact angles of the WPC–CSG NPs were 41.44° and 61.13° at concentrations of 0.5% and 1%, respectively, showing that NPs are suitable for stabilizing O/W Pickering emulsions. Pickering emulsion viscosity rose from 80 to 500 mPa when nanoparticle concentration increased from 0.5% to 1%. Results also showed that WPC–CSG NPs enable stable O/W Pickering emulsions during storage and thermal treatment, confirming that protein–polysaccharide NPs can provide a sufficient steric hindrance.
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spelling doaj-art-ca24765a7a66495ba2d8571f8c6997122024-12-13T16:26:35ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-11-011323377710.3390/foods13233777Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Different Concentrations of Whey Protein–Cress Seed Gum NanoparticlesMaryam Davtalab0Sara Naji-Tabasi1Mostafa Shahidi-Noghabi2Artur J. Martins3Ana I. Bourbon4Miguel A. Cerqueira5Department of Food Nanotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad 91895-157-356, IranDepartment of Food Nanotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad 91895-157-356, IranDepartment of Green Technologies in Food Production and Processing, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad 91895-157-356, IranInternational Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, PortugalInternational Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, PortugalInternational Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, PortugalNanoparticles based on food-grade materials are promising materials to develop Pickering emulsions for food applications. Initially, this study focuses on the development of nanoparticles through the utilization of a soluble complex of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and cress seed gum (CSG), which were modified by calcium chloride (CaCl<sub>2</sub>) as a cross-linker. The response surface methodology was used to investigate the impact of different concentrations of WPC (1–4% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>), CSG (0–1% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>), and CaCl<sub>2</sub> (1–3 mM) on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and Zeta potential. The optimum conditions for the production of CSG–WPC nanoparticles (WPC–CSG NPs) were 0.31% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) CSG, 1.75% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) WPC, and 1.69 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>, resulting in nanoparticles with average size of 236 nm and Zeta potential of −22 mV. Subsequently, oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsions were produced with different concentrations of WPC–CSG NPs in optimum conditions. The contact angles of the WPC–CSG NPs were 41.44° and 61.13° at concentrations of 0.5% and 1%, respectively, showing that NPs are suitable for stabilizing O/W Pickering emulsions. Pickering emulsion viscosity rose from 80 to 500 mPa when nanoparticle concentration increased from 0.5% to 1%. Results also showed that WPC–CSG NPs enable stable O/W Pickering emulsions during storage and thermal treatment, confirming that protein–polysaccharide NPs can provide a sufficient steric hindrance.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3777<i>Lepidium sativum</i> L.nanomaterialsurface tensionemulsion
spellingShingle Maryam Davtalab
Sara Naji-Tabasi
Mostafa Shahidi-Noghabi
Artur J. Martins
Ana I. Bourbon
Miguel A. Cerqueira
Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Different Concentrations of Whey Protein–Cress Seed Gum Nanoparticles
Foods
<i>Lepidium sativum</i> L.
nanomaterial
surface tension
emulsion
title Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Different Concentrations of Whey Protein–Cress Seed Gum Nanoparticles
title_full Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Different Concentrations of Whey Protein–Cress Seed Gum Nanoparticles
title_fullStr Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Different Concentrations of Whey Protein–Cress Seed Gum Nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Different Concentrations of Whey Protein–Cress Seed Gum Nanoparticles
title_short Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Different Concentrations of Whey Protein–Cress Seed Gum Nanoparticles
title_sort pickering emulsion stabilized by different concentrations of whey protein cress seed gum nanoparticles
topic <i>Lepidium sativum</i> L.
nanomaterial
surface tension
emulsion
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3777
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AT mostafashahidinoghabi pickeringemulsionstabilizedbydifferentconcentrationsofwheyproteincressseedgumnanoparticles
AT arturjmartins pickeringemulsionstabilizedbydifferentconcentrationsofwheyproteincressseedgumnanoparticles
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