Wireless microwave-to-optical conversion via programmable metasurface without DC supply
Abstract Microwave-optical interaction and its effective utilization are vital technologies at the frontier of classical and quantum sciences for communication, sensing, and imaging. Typically, state-of-the-art microwave-to-optical converters are realized by fiber and circuit approaches with multipl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-55940-9 |
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| author | Xin Ge Zhang Ya Lun Sun Bingcheng Zhu Han Wei Tian Bo Yuan Wang Zaichen Zhang Cheng-Wei Qiu Tie Jun Cui Wei Xiang Jiang |
| author_facet | Xin Ge Zhang Ya Lun Sun Bingcheng Zhu Han Wei Tian Bo Yuan Wang Zaichen Zhang Cheng-Wei Qiu Tie Jun Cui Wei Xiang Jiang |
| author_sort | Xin Ge Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Microwave-optical interaction and its effective utilization are vital technologies at the frontier of classical and quantum sciences for communication, sensing, and imaging. Typically, state-of-the-art microwave-to-optical converters are realized by fiber and circuit approaches with multiple processing steps, and external powers are necessary, which leads to many limitations. Here, we propose a programmable metasurface that can achieve direct and high-speed free-space microwave-to-laser conversion. Moreover, it supports reverse conversion, achieving bidirectional operations. The programmable metasurface converter is realized by integrating subwavelength microwave resonant structures, MS junction and photoelectric PN junction components together, without connecting any direct-current supplies to provide driving bias. We further demonstrate the enormous potentials of the metasurface converter in cross-media links and develop a full-duplex air-water wireless communication system. Experimental results show that the bidirectional real-time data transmissions and exchanges are established through the air-water boundary. This work represents a decisive step towards microwave-optical interconversion on wireless and battery-free interfaces. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c9a10fa39d7b42b5b3bd1020bd320b43 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-c9a10fa39d7b42b5b3bd1020bd320b432025-01-12T12:31:39ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-01-0116111010.1038/s41467-025-55940-9Wireless microwave-to-optical conversion via programmable metasurface without DC supplyXin Ge Zhang0Ya Lun Sun1Bingcheng Zhu2Han Wei Tian3Bo Yuan Wang4Zaichen Zhang5Cheng-Wei Qiu6Tie Jun Cui7Wei Xiang Jiang8State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast UniversityState Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast UniversityNational Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast UniversityState Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast UniversityState Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast UniversityNational Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast UniversityDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of SingaporeState Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast UniversityState Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast UniversityAbstract Microwave-optical interaction and its effective utilization are vital technologies at the frontier of classical and quantum sciences for communication, sensing, and imaging. Typically, state-of-the-art microwave-to-optical converters are realized by fiber and circuit approaches with multiple processing steps, and external powers are necessary, which leads to many limitations. Here, we propose a programmable metasurface that can achieve direct and high-speed free-space microwave-to-laser conversion. Moreover, it supports reverse conversion, achieving bidirectional operations. The programmable metasurface converter is realized by integrating subwavelength microwave resonant structures, MS junction and photoelectric PN junction components together, without connecting any direct-current supplies to provide driving bias. We further demonstrate the enormous potentials of the metasurface converter in cross-media links and develop a full-duplex air-water wireless communication system. Experimental results show that the bidirectional real-time data transmissions and exchanges are established through the air-water boundary. This work represents a decisive step towards microwave-optical interconversion on wireless and battery-free interfaces.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-55940-9 |
| spellingShingle | Xin Ge Zhang Ya Lun Sun Bingcheng Zhu Han Wei Tian Bo Yuan Wang Zaichen Zhang Cheng-Wei Qiu Tie Jun Cui Wei Xiang Jiang Wireless microwave-to-optical conversion via programmable metasurface without DC supply Nature Communications |
| title | Wireless microwave-to-optical conversion via programmable metasurface without DC supply |
| title_full | Wireless microwave-to-optical conversion via programmable metasurface without DC supply |
| title_fullStr | Wireless microwave-to-optical conversion via programmable metasurface without DC supply |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wireless microwave-to-optical conversion via programmable metasurface without DC supply |
| title_short | Wireless microwave-to-optical conversion via programmable metasurface without DC supply |
| title_sort | wireless microwave to optical conversion via programmable metasurface without dc supply |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-55940-9 |
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