Brain lymphatic vessels accompanying meningeal arteries in the human
Introduction: Recent studies showed the connection between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLN) via lymphatic vessels (LV)s. These LVs accompany dural sinuses, cranial nerves, and arteries. The present study aimed to show in addition to the main trunk of the middle meningea...
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Elsevier
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Translational Research in Anatomy |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000438 |
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| author | Safiye Çavdar Damlasu Altınöz Tevriz Dilan Demir Acar Bayraktaroğlu İlke Ali Gürses Gülnihal Özcan |
| author_facet | Safiye Çavdar Damlasu Altınöz Tevriz Dilan Demir Acar Bayraktaroğlu İlke Ali Gürses Gülnihal Özcan |
| author_sort | Safiye Çavdar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Recent studies showed the connection between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLN) via lymphatic vessels (LV)s. These LVs accompany dural sinuses, cranial nerves, and arteries. The present study aimed to show in addition to the main trunk of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) whether the anterior and posterior branches of MMA; the anterior (AMA) and posterior (PMA) meningeal arteries also have a role in brain lymphatic drainage in humans. Materials and method: Samples of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) and its two main branches (anterior and posterior), anterior and posterior meningeal arteries (AMA and PMA) were obtained from 3 cadavers and 6 autopsies. Podoplanin (PDPN) (lymphatic endothelial marker) and CD31 (vascular endothelial marker) immunohistochemistry (IHC) were applied to 5 μm thick transverse sections and counterstained with hematoxylin. Furthermore, western blotting techniques were applied to the same tissue samples in 3 autopsy cases to demonstrate the presence of PDPN. Results: We observed the presence of the LVs along the main trunk of MMA and its two branches, AMA, and PMA. The LVs along the MMA (main trunk) had a larger diameter range than its branches and the AMA and PMA. The diameter of LVs of the PMA was larger than AMA. Furthermore, fluid channels with varying diameters and densities were closely localized to the LVs. The western blot PDPN protein expression confirmed IHC results. Conclusion: The LVs along the main trunk, anterior and posterior branches of the MMA, AMA, and PMA also provide an extracranial pathway for thought drainage of waste from the brain tissue in humans. Thus, the organization of the extracranial transport of LVs of the brain should be well-defined for understanding the role of lymphatic drainage in various neurological diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c937e8d779794edea24448c3ba4efcc2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2214-854X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Translational Research in Anatomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-c937e8d779794edea24448c3ba4efcc22024-11-16T05:11:17ZengElsevierTranslational Research in Anatomy2214-854X2024-11-0137100321Brain lymphatic vessels accompanying meningeal arteries in the humanSafiye Çavdar0Damlasu Altınöz1Tevriz Dilan Demir2Acar Bayraktaroğlu3İlke Ali Gürses4Gülnihal Özcan5Department of Anatomy, Koç University, School of Medicine, Rumelifener Yolu, Istanbul, Turkey; Corresponding author. Koç University, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Rumelifeneri, 34450, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey.Department of Anatomy, Koç University, School of Medicine, Rumelifener Yolu, Istanbul, TurkeyKoç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumelifener Yolu, Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Anatomy, Koç University, School of Medicine, Rumelifener Yolu, Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Anatomy, Koç University, School of Medicine, Rumelifener Yolu, Istanbul, TurkeyKoç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumelifener Yolu, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Koç University, School of Medicine, Rumelifener Yolu, Istanbul, TurkeyIntroduction: Recent studies showed the connection between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLN) via lymphatic vessels (LV)s. These LVs accompany dural sinuses, cranial nerves, and arteries. The present study aimed to show in addition to the main trunk of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) whether the anterior and posterior branches of MMA; the anterior (AMA) and posterior (PMA) meningeal arteries also have a role in brain lymphatic drainage in humans. Materials and method: Samples of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) and its two main branches (anterior and posterior), anterior and posterior meningeal arteries (AMA and PMA) were obtained from 3 cadavers and 6 autopsies. Podoplanin (PDPN) (lymphatic endothelial marker) and CD31 (vascular endothelial marker) immunohistochemistry (IHC) were applied to 5 μm thick transverse sections and counterstained with hematoxylin. Furthermore, western blotting techniques were applied to the same tissue samples in 3 autopsy cases to demonstrate the presence of PDPN. Results: We observed the presence of the LVs along the main trunk of MMA and its two branches, AMA, and PMA. The LVs along the MMA (main trunk) had a larger diameter range than its branches and the AMA and PMA. The diameter of LVs of the PMA was larger than AMA. Furthermore, fluid channels with varying diameters and densities were closely localized to the LVs. The western blot PDPN protein expression confirmed IHC results. Conclusion: The LVs along the main trunk, anterior and posterior branches of the MMA, AMA, and PMA also provide an extracranial pathway for thought drainage of waste from the brain tissue in humans. Thus, the organization of the extracranial transport of LVs of the brain should be well-defined for understanding the role of lymphatic drainage in various neurological diseases.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000438Anterior meningeal arteryMiddle meningeal arteryPosterior meningeal arteryDura materMeningeal lymphatic vessels |
| spellingShingle | Safiye Çavdar Damlasu Altınöz Tevriz Dilan Demir Acar Bayraktaroğlu İlke Ali Gürses Gülnihal Özcan Brain lymphatic vessels accompanying meningeal arteries in the human Translational Research in Anatomy Anterior meningeal artery Middle meningeal artery Posterior meningeal artery Dura mater Meningeal lymphatic vessels |
| title | Brain lymphatic vessels accompanying meningeal arteries in the human |
| title_full | Brain lymphatic vessels accompanying meningeal arteries in the human |
| title_fullStr | Brain lymphatic vessels accompanying meningeal arteries in the human |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brain lymphatic vessels accompanying meningeal arteries in the human |
| title_short | Brain lymphatic vessels accompanying meningeal arteries in the human |
| title_sort | brain lymphatic vessels accompanying meningeal arteries in the human |
| topic | Anterior meningeal artery Middle meningeal artery Posterior meningeal artery Dura mater Meningeal lymphatic vessels |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000438 |
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