An Assessment of the Seasonal Uncertainty of Microwave L-Band Satellite Soil Moisture Products in Jiangsu Province, China
Accurate surface soil moisture (SM) data are crucial for agricultural management in Jiangsu Province, one of the major agricultural regions in China. However, the seasonal performance of different SM products in Jiangsu is still unknown. To address this, this study aims to evaluate the applicability...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4235 |
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| author | Chuanxiang Yi Xiaojun Li Zanpin Xing Xiaozhou Xin Yifang Ren Hongwei Zhou Wenjun Zhou Pei Zhang Tong Wu Jean-Pierre Wigneron |
| author_facet | Chuanxiang Yi Xiaojun Li Zanpin Xing Xiaozhou Xin Yifang Ren Hongwei Zhou Wenjun Zhou Pei Zhang Tong Wu Jean-Pierre Wigneron |
| author_sort | Chuanxiang Yi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Accurate surface soil moisture (SM) data are crucial for agricultural management in Jiangsu Province, one of the major agricultural regions in China. However, the seasonal performance of different SM products in Jiangsu is still unknown. To address this, this study aims to evaluate the applicability of four L-band microwave remotely sensed SM products, namely, the Soil Moisture Active Passive Single-Channel Algorithm at Vertical Polarization Level 3 (SMAP SCA-V L3, hereafter SMAP-L3), SMOS-SMAP-INRAE-BORDEAUX (SMOSMAP-IB), Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity in version IC (SMOS-IC), and SMAP-INRAE-BORDEAUX (SMAP-IB) in Jiangsu at the seasonal scale. In addition, the effects of dynamic environmental variables such as the leaf vegetation index (LAI), mean surface soil temperature (MSST), and mean surface soil wetness (MSSM) on the performance of the above products are investigated. The results indicate that all four SM products exhibit significant seasonal differences when evaluated against in situ observations between 2016 and 2022, with most products achieving their highest correlation (R) and unbiased root-mean-square difference (<i>ub</i>RMSD) scores during the autumn. Conversely, their performance significantly deteriorates in the summer, with <i>ub</i>RMSD values exceeding 0.06 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>. SMOS-IC generally achieves better R values across all seasons but has limited temporal availability, while SMAP-IB typically has the lowest <i>ub</i>RMSD values, even reaching 0.03 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup> during morning observation in the winter. Additionally, the sensitivity of different products’ skill metrics to environmental factors varies across seasons. For <i>ub</i>RMSD, SMAP-L3 shows a general increase with LAI across all four seasons, while SMAP-IB exhibits a notable increase as the soil becomes wetter in the summer. Conversely, wet conditions notably reduce the R values during autumn for most products. These findings are expected to offer valuable insights for the appropriate selection of products and the enhancement of SM retrieval algorithms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c91212a6beb14c2dabd39e4d54b0e9d1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-c91212a6beb14c2dabd39e4d54b0e9d12024-11-26T18:20:07ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-11-011622423510.3390/rs16224235An Assessment of the Seasonal Uncertainty of Microwave L-Band Satellite Soil Moisture Products in Jiangsu Province, ChinaChuanxiang Yi0Xiaojun Li1Zanpin Xing2Xiaozhou Xin3Yifang Ren4Hongwei Zhou5Wenjun Zhou6Pei Zhang7Tong Wu8Jean-Pierre Wigneron9Yancheng Meteorological Bureau, Yancheng 224005, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, National Engineering Research Center for Satellite Remote Sensing Applications, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaCryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, National Engineering Research Center for Satellite Remote Sensing Applications, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaJiangsu Climate Center, Nanjing 210019, ChinaYancheng Meteorological Bureau, Yancheng 224005, ChinaYancheng Meteorological Bureau, Yancheng 224005, ChinaJiangsu Climate Center, Nanjing 210019, ChinaCollege of Aviation Meteorology, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, ChinaINRAE, UMR1391 ISPA, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, FranceAccurate surface soil moisture (SM) data are crucial for agricultural management in Jiangsu Province, one of the major agricultural regions in China. However, the seasonal performance of different SM products in Jiangsu is still unknown. To address this, this study aims to evaluate the applicability of four L-band microwave remotely sensed SM products, namely, the Soil Moisture Active Passive Single-Channel Algorithm at Vertical Polarization Level 3 (SMAP SCA-V L3, hereafter SMAP-L3), SMOS-SMAP-INRAE-BORDEAUX (SMOSMAP-IB), Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity in version IC (SMOS-IC), and SMAP-INRAE-BORDEAUX (SMAP-IB) in Jiangsu at the seasonal scale. In addition, the effects of dynamic environmental variables such as the leaf vegetation index (LAI), mean surface soil temperature (MSST), and mean surface soil wetness (MSSM) on the performance of the above products are investigated. The results indicate that all four SM products exhibit significant seasonal differences when evaluated against in situ observations between 2016 and 2022, with most products achieving their highest correlation (R) and unbiased root-mean-square difference (<i>ub</i>RMSD) scores during the autumn. Conversely, their performance significantly deteriorates in the summer, with <i>ub</i>RMSD values exceeding 0.06 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>. SMOS-IC generally achieves better R values across all seasons but has limited temporal availability, while SMAP-IB typically has the lowest <i>ub</i>RMSD values, even reaching 0.03 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup> during morning observation in the winter. Additionally, the sensitivity of different products’ skill metrics to environmental factors varies across seasons. For <i>ub</i>RMSD, SMAP-L3 shows a general increase with LAI across all four seasons, while SMAP-IB exhibits a notable increase as the soil becomes wetter in the summer. Conversely, wet conditions notably reduce the R values during autumn for most products. These findings are expected to offer valuable insights for the appropriate selection of products and the enhancement of SM retrieval algorithms.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4235soil moistureseasonal assessmentSMOSSMAPL-band |
| spellingShingle | Chuanxiang Yi Xiaojun Li Zanpin Xing Xiaozhou Xin Yifang Ren Hongwei Zhou Wenjun Zhou Pei Zhang Tong Wu Jean-Pierre Wigneron An Assessment of the Seasonal Uncertainty of Microwave L-Band Satellite Soil Moisture Products in Jiangsu Province, China Remote Sensing soil moisture seasonal assessment SMOS SMAP L-band |
| title | An Assessment of the Seasonal Uncertainty of Microwave L-Band Satellite Soil Moisture Products in Jiangsu Province, China |
| title_full | An Assessment of the Seasonal Uncertainty of Microwave L-Band Satellite Soil Moisture Products in Jiangsu Province, China |
| title_fullStr | An Assessment of the Seasonal Uncertainty of Microwave L-Band Satellite Soil Moisture Products in Jiangsu Province, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Assessment of the Seasonal Uncertainty of Microwave L-Band Satellite Soil Moisture Products in Jiangsu Province, China |
| title_short | An Assessment of the Seasonal Uncertainty of Microwave L-Band Satellite Soil Moisture Products in Jiangsu Province, China |
| title_sort | assessment of the seasonal uncertainty of microwave l band satellite soil moisture products in jiangsu province china |
| topic | soil moisture seasonal assessment SMOS SMAP L-band |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4235 |
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