Integration and Comparative Analysis of Remote Sensing and In Situ Observations of Aerosol Optical Characteristics Beneath Clouds
Lidar is the primary tool used to determine the vertical distribution of aerosol optical characteristics. Based on the observation characteristics of the mountain’s gradient, a validation analysis of the remote sensing and in situ observations of the aerosol optical characteristics and research on s...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | Jing Chen Jing Duan Ling Yang Yong Chen Lijun Guo Juan Cai |
| author_facet | Jing Chen Jing Duan Ling Yang Yong Chen Lijun Guo Juan Cai |
| author_sort | Jing Chen |
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| description | Lidar is the primary tool used to determine the vertical distribution of aerosol optical characteristics. Based on the observation characteristics of the mountain’s gradient, a validation analysis of the remote sensing and in situ observations of the aerosol optical characteristics and research on seasonal, monthly, and daily variations in aerosol optical depth (AOD) were performed using the dual-wavelength Lidar deployed at the foot of Mt. Lu and the aerosol particle-size spectrometer at the top of Mt. Lu. The validation results show that at the comparison heights, under cloudy-sky conditions with strong winds (>3.4 m/s) and high relative humidity (RH) (>70%), the aerosol extinction coefficients between the two sites are in good agreement; thus, the observations at the top of the mountain are more suitable for in situ validation under cloudy-sky conditions; however, the local circulations under clear-sky conditions lead to large differences in the aerosol properties at the same altitude between the two sites and are unsuitable for validation. An analysis of the AOD data from Mt. Lu reveals the following: (1) The AOD seasonal distribution frequencies under both clear-sky and cloudy-sky conditions are unimodal, with a values of 0.2∼0.6, and the inhomogeneity of the aerosol distribution in winter is evident; the seasonal difference in the AOD under clear-sky conditions is more significant, following the order of spring > summer > winter > autumn, and the AOD seasonal difference under cloudy-sky conditions is not obvious. (2) In the analysis of the AOD monthly variations, due to the influence of the meteorological conditions (high humidity, low wind speed) and pollutant transport, the AOD reached its peak in February (clear-sky: 0.63, cloudy-sky: 0.82). (3) Under clear-sky conditions, the negative correlation between the daily variations in AOD, and visibility is more significant during the daytime, and after 12:00, the AOD is positively correlated with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>P</mi><msub><mi>M</mi><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>; these results indicate that the AOD is affected mainly by pollutants and the boundary layer height. Under cloudy-sky conditions, the peaks in the daytime AOD are related to the morning and evening rush hours, the correlations with the visibility and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>P</mi><msub><mi>M</mi><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> are low, and the accumulation of pollutants during the nighttime. And (4) overall, the AOD is greater under cloudy-sky conditions than under clear-sky conditions; this result is likely related to the more favorable subcloud humidity conditions for aerosol hygroscopic growth. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c8c6ab7d31ec4deea2c721735887ec31 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-c8c6ab7d31ec4deea2c721735887ec312025-01-10T13:19:57ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-12-011711710.3390/rs17010017Integration and Comparative Analysis of Remote Sensing and In Situ Observations of Aerosol Optical Characteristics Beneath CloudsJing Chen0Jing Duan1Ling Yang2Yong Chen3Lijun Guo4Juan Cai5College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, ChinaCMA Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification (CPML), CMA Weather Modification Centre (WMC), Beijing 100081, ChinaCollege of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaCMA Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification (CPML), CMA Weather Modification Centre (WMC), Beijing 100081, ChinaJiangxi Weather Modification Centre, Jiangxi Meteorological Bureau, Nanchang 330096, ChinaLidar is the primary tool used to determine the vertical distribution of aerosol optical characteristics. Based on the observation characteristics of the mountain’s gradient, a validation analysis of the remote sensing and in situ observations of the aerosol optical characteristics and research on seasonal, monthly, and daily variations in aerosol optical depth (AOD) were performed using the dual-wavelength Lidar deployed at the foot of Mt. Lu and the aerosol particle-size spectrometer at the top of Mt. Lu. The validation results show that at the comparison heights, under cloudy-sky conditions with strong winds (>3.4 m/s) and high relative humidity (RH) (>70%), the aerosol extinction coefficients between the two sites are in good agreement; thus, the observations at the top of the mountain are more suitable for in situ validation under cloudy-sky conditions; however, the local circulations under clear-sky conditions lead to large differences in the aerosol properties at the same altitude between the two sites and are unsuitable for validation. An analysis of the AOD data from Mt. Lu reveals the following: (1) The AOD seasonal distribution frequencies under both clear-sky and cloudy-sky conditions are unimodal, with a values of 0.2∼0.6, and the inhomogeneity of the aerosol distribution in winter is evident; the seasonal difference in the AOD under clear-sky conditions is more significant, following the order of spring > summer > winter > autumn, and the AOD seasonal difference under cloudy-sky conditions is not obvious. (2) In the analysis of the AOD monthly variations, due to the influence of the meteorological conditions (high humidity, low wind speed) and pollutant transport, the AOD reached its peak in February (clear-sky: 0.63, cloudy-sky: 0.82). (3) Under clear-sky conditions, the negative correlation between the daily variations in AOD, and visibility is more significant during the daytime, and after 12:00, the AOD is positively correlated with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>P</mi><msub><mi>M</mi><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>; these results indicate that the AOD is affected mainly by pollutants and the boundary layer height. Under cloudy-sky conditions, the peaks in the daytime AOD are related to the morning and evening rush hours, the correlations with the visibility and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>P</mi><msub><mi>M</mi><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> are low, and the accumulation of pollutants during the nighttime. And (4) overall, the AOD is greater under cloudy-sky conditions than under clear-sky conditions; this result is likely related to the more favorable subcloud humidity conditions for aerosol hygroscopic growth.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/1/17in situ observationsaerosol optical characteristicsground-based lidarMt. Lu |
| spellingShingle | Jing Chen Jing Duan Ling Yang Yong Chen Lijun Guo Juan Cai Integration and Comparative Analysis of Remote Sensing and In Situ Observations of Aerosol Optical Characteristics Beneath Clouds Remote Sensing in situ observations aerosol optical characteristics ground-based lidar Mt. Lu |
| title | Integration and Comparative Analysis of Remote Sensing and In Situ Observations of Aerosol Optical Characteristics Beneath Clouds |
| title_full | Integration and Comparative Analysis of Remote Sensing and In Situ Observations of Aerosol Optical Characteristics Beneath Clouds |
| title_fullStr | Integration and Comparative Analysis of Remote Sensing and In Situ Observations of Aerosol Optical Characteristics Beneath Clouds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integration and Comparative Analysis of Remote Sensing and In Situ Observations of Aerosol Optical Characteristics Beneath Clouds |
| title_short | Integration and Comparative Analysis of Remote Sensing and In Situ Observations of Aerosol Optical Characteristics Beneath Clouds |
| title_sort | integration and comparative analysis of remote sensing and in situ observations of aerosol optical characteristics beneath clouds |
| topic | in situ observations aerosol optical characteristics ground-based lidar Mt. Lu |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/1/17 |
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