A 5G smartphone-oriented dual-band dual-antenna system designed via characteristic mode theory and surface current analysis
Abstract In this research, a compact dual-band dual-antenna system with mutual coupling reduction based on characteristic mode theory and surface current distribution for 5G mobile terminals is proposed. The edge-to-edge distance between two antennas is only 5 mm. The dimensions of the antenna syste...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12308-9 |
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| author | Zhaozhi Gu Wenhan Li Shibao Li |
| author_facet | Zhaozhi Gu Wenhan Li Shibao Li |
| author_sort | Zhaozhi Gu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In this research, a compact dual-band dual-antenna system with mutual coupling reduction based on characteristic mode theory and surface current distribution for 5G mobile terminals is proposed. The edge-to-edge distance between two antennas is only 5 mm. The dimensions of the antenna system are 6 mm × 34 mm (approximately 0.07λmin × 0.41λmin, where λmin corresponds to the lowest operational frequency). The design comprises two modified inverted-F antenna elements with parasitic feeding, which are arranged in a back-to-back configuration. A defected ground structure (DGS) and a neutralization line (NL) are employed for decoupling in the lower (3.3–3.6 GHz) and upper (5.1–5.9 GHz) bands, respectively, achieving isolation levels of |S₂₁|< –25.5 dB and < –23.3 dB. The proposed system demonstrates compact geometry, low-cost fabrication, and scalability for array applications. This study presents a systematic design methodology that integrates characteristic mode analysis with current distribution optimization. The proposed approach enables direct translation of current distributions into physical antenna parameters, effectively eliminating empirical trial-and-error processes while establishing a reproducible design paradigm for future antenna development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c8bcd8f576794d03abb2f9954dcb0ce3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-c8bcd8f576794d03abb2f9954dcb0ce32025-08-20T04:01:52ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-12308-9A 5G smartphone-oriented dual-band dual-antenna system designed via characteristic mode theory and surface current analysisZhaozhi Gu0Wenhan Li1Shibao Li2School of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China)School of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China)School of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China)Abstract In this research, a compact dual-band dual-antenna system with mutual coupling reduction based on characteristic mode theory and surface current distribution for 5G mobile terminals is proposed. The edge-to-edge distance between two antennas is only 5 mm. The dimensions of the antenna system are 6 mm × 34 mm (approximately 0.07λmin × 0.41λmin, where λmin corresponds to the lowest operational frequency). The design comprises two modified inverted-F antenna elements with parasitic feeding, which are arranged in a back-to-back configuration. A defected ground structure (DGS) and a neutralization line (NL) are employed for decoupling in the lower (3.3–3.6 GHz) and upper (5.1–5.9 GHz) bands, respectively, achieving isolation levels of |S₂₁|< –25.5 dB and < –23.3 dB. The proposed system demonstrates compact geometry, low-cost fabrication, and scalability for array applications. This study presents a systematic design methodology that integrates characteristic mode analysis with current distribution optimization. The proposed approach enables direct translation of current distributions into physical antenna parameters, effectively eliminating empirical trial-and-error processes while establishing a reproducible design paradigm for future antenna development.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12308-95G MIMODual-antenna systemCharacteristic mode theorySurface current distributionNeutralization line (NL)Defected ground structure (DGS) |
| spellingShingle | Zhaozhi Gu Wenhan Li Shibao Li A 5G smartphone-oriented dual-band dual-antenna system designed via characteristic mode theory and surface current analysis Scientific Reports 5G MIMO Dual-antenna system Characteristic mode theory Surface current distribution Neutralization line (NL) Defected ground structure (DGS) |
| title | A 5G smartphone-oriented dual-band dual-antenna system designed via characteristic mode theory and surface current analysis |
| title_full | A 5G smartphone-oriented dual-band dual-antenna system designed via characteristic mode theory and surface current analysis |
| title_fullStr | A 5G smartphone-oriented dual-band dual-antenna system designed via characteristic mode theory and surface current analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | A 5G smartphone-oriented dual-band dual-antenna system designed via characteristic mode theory and surface current analysis |
| title_short | A 5G smartphone-oriented dual-band dual-antenna system designed via characteristic mode theory and surface current analysis |
| title_sort | 5g smartphone oriented dual band dual antenna system designed via characteristic mode theory and surface current analysis |
| topic | 5G MIMO Dual-antenna system Characteristic mode theory Surface current distribution Neutralization line (NL) Defected ground structure (DGS) |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12308-9 |
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