Modern perspective of the Rice Diet for hypertension and other metabolic diseases
Background In the early 1940s, before antihypertensive drugs were available, the Rice Diet Programme (RDP) was developed to treat severe hypertension and, later, diabetes and obesity. Despite significant advancements in dietary management for these conditions since then, debates remain regarding the...
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| Series: | BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health |
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| author | Anthony Kuo Pao-Hwa Lin Yi-Ju Li Friedrich C Luft David López Romeo Sommerfeld Paul Ermler Jana Fehr Benjamin Bergner Scott Sanoff Francis Neelon William McDowell Smilla Fox Abdullatif Ghajar Elena Gensch Cedric Lorenz Martin Preiss Tom Richter Philip Klemmer Anastacia Bohannon Christoph Lippert |
| author_facet | Anthony Kuo Pao-Hwa Lin Yi-Ju Li Friedrich C Luft David López Romeo Sommerfeld Paul Ermler Jana Fehr Benjamin Bergner Scott Sanoff Francis Neelon William McDowell Smilla Fox Abdullatif Ghajar Elena Gensch Cedric Lorenz Martin Preiss Tom Richter Philip Klemmer Anastacia Bohannon Christoph Lippert |
| author_sort | Anthony Kuo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background In the early 1940s, before antihypertensive drugs were available, the Rice Diet Programme (RDP) was developed to treat severe hypertension and, later, diabetes and obesity. Despite significant advancements in dietary management for these conditions since then, debates remain regarding the proper guidelines for sodium and macronutrients intakes. The patient care records of RDP offer a unique source of longitudinal examination of a very low sodium (<10 mmol/day), fat, cholesterol and protein diet on blood pressure (BP), other health markers and survival.Methods In 2019, the Rice Diet Database Project (RDDP) digitised handwritten patient care records and retinal photographs of 17 487 RDP participants, establishing a digital database for analyses. Manual transcription accuracy exceeded 97%. We used regression models to investigate the impact of dietary adherence on systolic BP (SBP) and body weight. Further, we performed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to compare 5-year survival probability of participants defined by baseline level of SBP.Results The database encompasses a wide array of health markers, including BP, weight, urine chloride (UCl) concentration and retinal features that offer a unique resource for studying the impact of the RDP on hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Initial analysis shows reductions in BP and weight as well as improved survival in participants with severe hypertension, underscoring the effectiveness of the diet. The data also permit examining the safety of extreme dietary sodium reduction.The database has numerous strengths (large patient population; extensive, long-term measurements and the use of UCl excretion to document dietary adherence) and limitations (missing data; temporal changes in methodologies over 50 years and lack of control subjects).Conclusion The RDDP database allows exploration of the effects of a diet extremely low in sodium, protein, fat and cholesterol on health indicators and patient survival. This report highlights the database’s potential for detailed and intricate future analyses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c8acc025da7b4afca58c9c4adb1daa33 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2516-5542 |
| language | English |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c8acc025da7b4afca58c9c4adb1daa332025-01-09T13:00:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health2516-554210.1136/bmjnph-2024-000949Modern perspective of the Rice Diet for hypertension and other metabolic diseasesAnthony Kuo0Pao-Hwa Lin1Yi-Ju Li2Friedrich C Luft3David López4Romeo Sommerfeld5Paul Ermler6Jana Fehr7Benjamin Bergner8Scott Sanoff9Francis Neelon10William McDowell11Smilla Fox12Abdullatif Ghajar13Elena Gensch14Cedric Lorenz15Martin Preiss16Tom Richter17Philip Klemmer18Anastacia Bohannon19Christoph Lippert20Ophthalmology Department, Duke Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, USADepartment of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USADepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USAExperimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany1 Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USAHasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, University of Postdam, Potsdam, GermanyHasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, University of Postdam, Potsdam, GermanyHasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, University of Postdam, Potsdam, GermanyHasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, University of Postdam, Potsdam, GermanyMedicine, Nephrology Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USADuke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USAMedicine, Nephrology Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USAHasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, University of Postdam, Potsdam, GermanyHasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, University of Postdam, Potsdam, GermanyHasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, University of Postdam, Potsdam, GermanyHasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, University of Postdam, Potsdam, GermanyHasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, University of Postdam, Potsdam, GermanyHasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, University of Postdam, Potsdam, GermanyMedicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USAMedicine, Nephrology Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USAHasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, University of Postdam, Potsdam, GermanyBackground In the early 1940s, before antihypertensive drugs were available, the Rice Diet Programme (RDP) was developed to treat severe hypertension and, later, diabetes and obesity. Despite significant advancements in dietary management for these conditions since then, debates remain regarding the proper guidelines for sodium and macronutrients intakes. The patient care records of RDP offer a unique source of longitudinal examination of a very low sodium (<10 mmol/day), fat, cholesterol and protein diet on blood pressure (BP), other health markers and survival.Methods In 2019, the Rice Diet Database Project (RDDP) digitised handwritten patient care records and retinal photographs of 17 487 RDP participants, establishing a digital database for analyses. Manual transcription accuracy exceeded 97%. We used regression models to investigate the impact of dietary adherence on systolic BP (SBP) and body weight. Further, we performed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to compare 5-year survival probability of participants defined by baseline level of SBP.Results The database encompasses a wide array of health markers, including BP, weight, urine chloride (UCl) concentration and retinal features that offer a unique resource for studying the impact of the RDP on hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Initial analysis shows reductions in BP and weight as well as improved survival in participants with severe hypertension, underscoring the effectiveness of the diet. The data also permit examining the safety of extreme dietary sodium reduction.The database has numerous strengths (large patient population; extensive, long-term measurements and the use of UCl excretion to document dietary adherence) and limitations (missing data; temporal changes in methodologies over 50 years and lack of control subjects).Conclusion The RDDP database allows exploration of the effects of a diet extremely low in sodium, protein, fat and cholesterol on health indicators and patient survival. This report highlights the database’s potential for detailed and intricate future analyses.https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/early/2024/12/18/bmjnph-2024-000949.full |
| spellingShingle | Anthony Kuo Pao-Hwa Lin Yi-Ju Li Friedrich C Luft David López Romeo Sommerfeld Paul Ermler Jana Fehr Benjamin Bergner Scott Sanoff Francis Neelon William McDowell Smilla Fox Abdullatif Ghajar Elena Gensch Cedric Lorenz Martin Preiss Tom Richter Philip Klemmer Anastacia Bohannon Christoph Lippert Modern perspective of the Rice Diet for hypertension and other metabolic diseases BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health |
| title | Modern perspective of the Rice Diet for hypertension and other metabolic diseases |
| title_full | Modern perspective of the Rice Diet for hypertension and other metabolic diseases |
| title_fullStr | Modern perspective of the Rice Diet for hypertension and other metabolic diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modern perspective of the Rice Diet for hypertension and other metabolic diseases |
| title_short | Modern perspective of the Rice Diet for hypertension and other metabolic diseases |
| title_sort | modern perspective of the rice diet for hypertension and other metabolic diseases |
| url | https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/early/2024/12/18/bmjnph-2024-000949.full |
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