Impact of invasive alien plants on the resident floral diversity in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal

Abstract Invasive alien plant species (IAPS) pose a serious threat to overall plant biodiversity across the globe. Nepal's national parks and protected areas are not devoid of the impact of IAPS. Unfortunately, there is a substantial gap in knowledge regarding the extent and impact of invasion...

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Main Authors: Divya Bhattarai, Saurav Lamichhane, Aayoush Raj Regmi, Khagendra Prasad Joshi, Pratik Pandeya, Bijaya Dhami, Ambika Prasad Gautam, Hari Adhikari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-10-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70316
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author Divya Bhattarai
Saurav Lamichhane
Aayoush Raj Regmi
Khagendra Prasad Joshi
Pratik Pandeya
Bijaya Dhami
Ambika Prasad Gautam
Hari Adhikari
author_facet Divya Bhattarai
Saurav Lamichhane
Aayoush Raj Regmi
Khagendra Prasad Joshi
Pratik Pandeya
Bijaya Dhami
Ambika Prasad Gautam
Hari Adhikari
author_sort Divya Bhattarai
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Invasive alien plant species (IAPS) pose a serious threat to overall plant biodiversity across the globe. Nepal's national parks and protected areas are not devoid of the impact of IAPS. Unfortunately, there is a substantial gap in knowledge regarding the extent and impact of invasion in protected areas of Nepal. This study assessed the impact of invasive alien plant species on the resident plant species of the Koshi Tapu wildlife reserve. After a preliminary field observation, we selected five major IAPS in the area, Mesosphaerum suaveolens, Chromolaena odorata, Ipomoea carnea, Lantana camara, and Mikania micrantha for this study. Ten pairs of adjacent plots sized 4 m × 4 m were surveyed for each invasive species, comprising diverse vegetation types. Each pair consisted of one “invaded plot” where the invasive species was dominant with cover greater than 50%, and another “uninvaded plot” laid out in an adjacent area with similar site conditions but without the invasive species. We calculated the Sørensen Index of Similarity for each paired plot. Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was employed to compare ecological parameters between invaded and uninvaded plots for various plant species. Similarly, the difference in impact between each of the five invasive species was assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Species richness varied significantly between invaded and uninvaded plots for C. odorata and I. carnea. The most significant impact on species composition of invaded communities (39.6%) was observed for C. odorata. The cover of the other dominant species varied significantly between invaded and uninvaded plots for all five species studied. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed no significant difference in the impact caused by the five studied invasive species on Species richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity index, species evenness, and height of dominant species. However, a significant difference was observed between the impacts of five studied invasive species and the cover of other dominant species. The crown cover of dominant species decreased much more in the invaded plots of L. camara and M. micrantha than in other species. Specialized management efforts are required to control highly invasive species, such as C. odorata and I. carnea, alongside proactive measures to prevent further spread in ecologically sensitive areas.
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spelling doaj-art-c872fa6d1ffc44328a42a33444d313432024-12-20T09:05:58ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582024-10-011410n/an/a10.1002/ece3.70316Impact of invasive alien plants on the resident floral diversity in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, NepalDivya Bhattarai0Saurav Lamichhane1Aayoush Raj Regmi2Khagendra Prasad Joshi3Pratik Pandeya4Bijaya Dhami5Ambika Prasad Gautam6Hari Adhikari7Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology University of Greifswald Greifswald GermanyNepal Conservation and Research Center Chitwan NepalSchool of Forestry and Natural Resource Management, Institute of Forestry Tribhuvan University Kathmandu NepalKathmandu Forestry College Tribhuvan University Kathmandu NepalForest Research and Training Center Kathmandu NepalDepartment of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta CanadaKathmandu Forestry College Tribhuvan University Kathmandu NepalDepartment of Geosciences and Geography University of Helsinki Helsinki FinlandAbstract Invasive alien plant species (IAPS) pose a serious threat to overall plant biodiversity across the globe. Nepal's national parks and protected areas are not devoid of the impact of IAPS. Unfortunately, there is a substantial gap in knowledge regarding the extent and impact of invasion in protected areas of Nepal. This study assessed the impact of invasive alien plant species on the resident plant species of the Koshi Tapu wildlife reserve. After a preliminary field observation, we selected five major IAPS in the area, Mesosphaerum suaveolens, Chromolaena odorata, Ipomoea carnea, Lantana camara, and Mikania micrantha for this study. Ten pairs of adjacent plots sized 4 m × 4 m were surveyed for each invasive species, comprising diverse vegetation types. Each pair consisted of one “invaded plot” where the invasive species was dominant with cover greater than 50%, and another “uninvaded plot” laid out in an adjacent area with similar site conditions but without the invasive species. We calculated the Sørensen Index of Similarity for each paired plot. Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was employed to compare ecological parameters between invaded and uninvaded plots for various plant species. Similarly, the difference in impact between each of the five invasive species was assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Species richness varied significantly between invaded and uninvaded plots for C. odorata and I. carnea. The most significant impact on species composition of invaded communities (39.6%) was observed for C. odorata. The cover of the other dominant species varied significantly between invaded and uninvaded plots for all five species studied. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed no significant difference in the impact caused by the five studied invasive species on Species richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity index, species evenness, and height of dominant species. However, a significant difference was observed between the impacts of five studied invasive species and the cover of other dominant species. The crown cover of dominant species decreased much more in the invaded plots of L. camara and M. micrantha than in other species. Specialized management efforts are required to control highly invasive species, such as C. odorata and I. carnea, alongside proactive measures to prevent further spread in ecologically sensitive areas.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70316biodiversityinvasive alien plant speciesspecies evennessspecies richnessuninvaded plot
spellingShingle Divya Bhattarai
Saurav Lamichhane
Aayoush Raj Regmi
Khagendra Prasad Joshi
Pratik Pandeya
Bijaya Dhami
Ambika Prasad Gautam
Hari Adhikari
Impact of invasive alien plants on the resident floral diversity in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal
Ecology and Evolution
biodiversity
invasive alien plant species
species evenness
species richness
uninvaded plot
title Impact of invasive alien plants on the resident floral diversity in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal
title_full Impact of invasive alien plants on the resident floral diversity in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal
title_fullStr Impact of invasive alien plants on the resident floral diversity in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal
title_full_unstemmed Impact of invasive alien plants on the resident floral diversity in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal
title_short Impact of invasive alien plants on the resident floral diversity in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal
title_sort impact of invasive alien plants on the resident floral diversity in koshi tappu wildlife reserve nepal
topic biodiversity
invasive alien plant species
species evenness
species richness
uninvaded plot
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70316
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